Three types of residuals in time series models (namely ”conditional residuals”, ”unconditional residuals” and ”innovations”) are considered with regard to (i) their precise definitions, (ii) their computation after model estimation, (iii) their approximate distributions in ?nite samples, and (iv) potential applications of their properties in model diagnostic checking. Both partially-known and n...

We define residuals for point process models fitted to spatial point pattern data, and propose diagnostic plots based on them. The residuals apply to any point process model that has a conditional intensity; the model may exhibit spatial heterogeneity, interpoint interaction and dependence on spatial covariates. Some existing ad hoc methods for model checking (quadrat counts, scan statistic, ke...

The use of martingale residuals have been proposed for model checking and also to get a non-parametric estimate of the effect of an explanatory variable. We apply this approach to an epidemiological problem which presents two characteristics: the data are left truncated due to delayed entry in the cohort; the data are grouped into geographical units (parishes). This grouping suggests a natural ...

based on the definition of Vt. Once we have data,Rt is not the variance of our model residuals because our residuals are now conditioned on a set of observed data. There are two types of conditional model residuals used in MARSS analyses: innovations and smoothations. Innovations are the model residuals at time t using the expected value of X t conditioned on the data from 1 to t−1. Smoothation...

In this paper, a strategy is proposed for alternative computations of the residual vectors in Krylov subspace methods, which improves the agreement of the computed residuals and the true residuals to the level of O(u)‖A‖‖x‖. Building on earlier ideas on residual replacement and on insights in the finite precision behavior of the Krylov subspace methods, computable error bounds are derived for i...

during the last few decades cereals yield have increased drastically at the national level however, information about yield stability and its resistance to annual environmental variability are scare. in this study long term stability of grin yield of wheat, barley, rice, corn and overall cereals in iran were evaluated during a 40-year period (1971-2011). stability analysis was conducted using t...

The stage-discharge rating curve is subject at many hydrometric stations to sudden changes (shifts) typically caused by morphogenic floods. We propose an original method for estimating shift times using the observations, also known as gaugings. This based on a recursive segmentation procedure that accounts both gaugings and uncertainties through Bayesian framework. It starts with estimation of ...

Kazemi (2014) introduced a new version of bucket recursive trees as another generalization of recursive trees where buckets have variable capacities. In this paper, we get the $p$-th factorial moments of the random variable $S_{n,1}$ which counts the number of subtrees size-1 profile (leaves) and show a phase change of this random variable. These can be obtained by solving a first order partial...

background: the objective of this study was to determine the residual concentrations of ethion and imidacloprid in cucumbers grown in greenhouse. the effect of some simple processing procedures on both ethion and imidacloprid residues were also studied. methods: ten active greenhouses that produce cucumber were randomly selected. ethion and imidacloprid as the most widely used pesticides were m...

Four residuals in the MLNM(A1B1C1 + A2B2C2) are defined. The estimated model which is obtained by using the maximum likelihood theory is considered. The vec operator is applied to the estimated model and it turns out that the estimated model is the projection of the observations on the space generated by the design matrices which is the sum of two tensor product spaces. The estimated model is s...