The biosynthetic pathways of most alcohols are linked to intracellular redox homeostasis, which is crucial for life. This crucial balance is primarily controlled by the generation of reducing equivalents, as well as the (reduction)-oxidation metabolic cycle and the thiol redox homeostasis system. As a main oxidation pathway of reducing equivalents, the biosynthesis of most alcohols includes red...

The general property of electrolytic systems with aqueous solutions is presented. For this purpose, the linear combination 2∙f(O) – f(H) of elemental balances: f(H) for hydrogen (H) and f(O) for oxygen (O) is put in context with other elemental or core balances f(Ym) (Ym ≠ H, O), and charge balance (ChB) related to the system in question. It is stated that 2∙f(O) – f(H) is (a) linearly independ...

Homogeneous DNA polymerase (“reverse transcriptase”) from avian myeloblastosis virus was assayed for exodeoxyribonuclease activity. The substrates were defined template. initiator complexes in which different radioactive nucleotides were present at the 3’-OH termini of the initiator. Even when the number of molecules of enzyme was equal to the number of initiator termini, there was no significa...

Plasmids of the pT181 family encode initiator proteins that act as dimers during plasmid rolling circle (RC) replication. These initiator proteins bind to the origin of replication through a sequence-specific interaction and generate a nick at the origin that acts as the primer for RC replication. Previous studies have demonstrated that the initiator proteins contain separate DNA binding and ni...

Replication of polydeoxyadenylate and polydeoxythymidylate catalyzed by the high molecular weight DNA polymerase proceeds only in the presence of a complementary oligodeoxynucleotide. The oligodeoxynucleotide initiator chain must be greater than 6 nucleotides for poly(dA) replication and greater than 5 nucleotides for poly(dT) replication. The initiator oligonucleotide is incorporated into prod...

In this paper a modelling methodology for business systems simulation is introduced. The methodology is based on the business transaction concept in conjunction with Petri nets notations. Next to these two components, the Arena simulation package is discussed to build an animated simulation model. Since the simulation model will be demonstrated using the software, it is not included into this p...

Oxidative stress in a biological system is often defined as a redox imbalance within cells or groups of cells within an organism. Reductive-oxidative (redox) imbalances in cellular systems have been implicated in several diseases, such as cancer. To better understand the redox environment within cellular systems, it is important to be able to characterize the relationship between the intensity ...

TFIID recognizes multiple sequence elements in the hsp70 promoter of Drosophila. Here, we investigate the function of sequences downstream from the TATA element. A mutation in the initiator was identified that caused an eightfold reduction in binding of TFIID and a fourfold reduction in transcription in vitro. Another mutation in the +24 to +29 region was somewhat less inhibitory, but a mutatio...

P450s (cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases) are a superfamily of haem-containing mono-oxygenase enzymes that participate in a wide range of biochemical pathways in different organisms from all of the domains of life. To facilitate their activity, P450s require sequential delivery of two electrons passed from one or more redox partner enzymes. Although the P450 enzymes themselves show remarkable sim...

School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Ha Japan. E-mail: [email protected] Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team (QRST), Radiation Damages, National Institute of Institutes for Quantum and Radiological S Chiba 263-8555, Japan Division of Innovative Research for Drug Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Ja Department of Chemistry and Nano Scienc 750, Korea Faculty of Science and Technology, ...