This paper presents a new approach for flotation circuit design. Initially, it was proven numerically and analytically that in order to achieve the highest recovery in different circuit configurations, the best equipment must be placed at the beginning stage of the flotation circuits. The size of the entering particles and the types of streams including pulp and froth were considered as the bas...

this research is concerned with a concept called “um-ol-baab”, which has wide applications in syntax. this article attempts to clarify this concept and specify terms which are used to directly or indirectly refer to it. this has been done by examining the views and works of a good number of syntacticians. three subgroupings have been revealed :1) devices the structure of which are compatibl...

In-circuit testers are widely used for manufacturing tests and for the measurement of printed circuit board (PCB) systems. In-circuit testers can also program and verify programmable logic devices (PLDs) that support in-system programmability (ISP). Using in-circuit testers to program ISP-capable devices allows device programming to fit into the standard manufacturing flow, reducing time-to-mar...

This paper presents a hybrid CMOS-CNFET voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with low power dissipation and linear response over a wide control voltage range. The hybrid circuit is based on PTM 32nm low power CMOS devices and 32nm CNFET devices with different threshold voltages. The VCO frequency and power dissipation are investigated for CNFET parameters such as number of nano-tubes, gate oxide...

The protection and current flow regulation of high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) grids requires the deployment additional semiconductor-based equipment including dc circuit breakers (DCCBs) controllers (CFCs). However, inclusion multiple devices could significantly increase total cost an HVDC system. To potentially reduce costs, this paper presents innovative multi-function integrated DCCB (MF-...

In the case of digital circuits, the possible defects in a circuit may be modelled by faults such as the singlestuck fault model and bridging faults. Thus a very large numbe of possible defects may be reduced to a relatively small number of faults. In digital fault simulation, a number of copies of the circuit are made, each of which contains exactly one fault, together with the fault-free circ...

High speed SONET rings are widely used as network infrastructure. In WDM/SONET rings, the SONET add/drop multiplexers (SADMs) can significantly increase the overall system cost. By traffic grooming, the number of SADMs as well as the number of wavelengths required can be reduced dramatically. Generally, traffic grooming includes two parts: circuit construction and circuit grooming. Efficient ci...

Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) have attracted considerable interest for their potential to power small and portable electronics photonic devices. The recent advancemes in circuit design device optimizations has led the required operate internet of things (IoT), such as distributed sensors, remote actuators, communication devices, being remarkably reduced. Therefore, various types sensors a large n...

Today’s design engineers are faced with a variety of choices when selecting protection devices to meet their circuit or system’s design requirements. Fuses, positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistors, and electromechanical circuit breakers represent only a sampling of the technologies available to meet their needs. Each of these devices provides a different degree of security, ranging fro...

Substrate coupling in integrated circuits is the process whereby parasitic current flow in the substrate electrically couples devices in different parts of the circuit. Higher levels of integration and higher frequencies of operation make the coupling more pronounced in modern circuit realizations. High levels of integration are desirable in several applications for reducing the overall power d...