BACKGROUND In a previous clinical study, levels of biomarkers of exposure (BoEs) for specific toxicants were significantly reduced in smokers who switched from conventional cigarettes to reduced toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarettes. Very little is known about the biological variability of tobacco smoke BoEs within individuals and sub-groups, and the descriptive group-comparison statistics might ...

In general Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques of a voltage source inverter (VSI) need a sinusoidal reference signal and triangular carrier signal to generate the required modulating signals for the desired output. Modifications in modulating techniques can be considered in two ways, namely modified reference and modified carrier. The existing multilevel carrier based pulse width modulation...

In this paper we present a teledrilling system operated by a mode switching control strategy based on hybrid automata. Experiments show stable behavior of teleoperation with constant time-delay. Using hybrid automata we propose a control scheme using control mode switching depending on the discrete state of the the reference generating hybrid automaton. This concept is validated in autonomous d...

Abstract – This paper comprehensively analyses the design of Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) using Simulink and presents the comparative analysis of improved quality three phase PWM-VSI for Adjustable Speed Drives (ASD’s). In SVPWM the complex reference voltage phasor is processed as a whole, therefore, interaction between three motor phases is exploited, and this strategy reduces the switching losses...

Shim6 is an important multihoming solution. This paper studies shim6 from several perspectives, including shim6 protocol implementation, shim6 mechanism optimization and security enhancement. In order to provide a shim6 research platform, we implement shim6 protocol on the Linux 2.6 platform as one of the first reference implementations. Based on this research platform, we refine the shim6 addr...

The problem of optimal control of autonomous nonlinear switching systems with infinite-horizon cost functions, for the purpose of tracking a family of reference signals or regulation of the states, is investigated. A reinforcement learning scheme is presented which learns the solution and provides scheduling between the modes in a feedback form without enforcing a mode sequence or a number of s...

In this paper we propose a multiobserver switching control strategy for fault tolerant control of induction motors. The strategy combines three current sensors and associated observers that estimate the rotor flux. The estimates provided by the observers are compared at each sampling time by a switching mechanism which selects the sensors–observer pair with the smallest error between the estima...

In this paper, we consider the design of a variable structure model reference adaptive control (VSMRAC) for plants with relative degree one without the knowledge of the sign of the plant high frequency gain. A switching method for the control signal, based on an appropriate monitoring function, is proposed. As a result, we show that after a finite number of switchings, the tracking error conver...

We have measured by cation exchange high pressure liquid chromatography adult hemoglobin (HbA) concentration at birth in 6,123 unselected single newborn individuals. Probably because of the high precision of the analytical method used, we could demonstrate clear a relationship between HbA concentration and, respectively, gestational age and birth weight. We also demonstrated a significant diffe...