In this article we present a refined summation theory based on Karr’s difference field approach. The resulting algorithms find sum representations with optimal nested depth. For instance, the algorithms have been applied successively to evaluate Feynman integrals from Perturbative Quantum Field Theory.

The modern engineering structures require the advanced engineering materials to resist the high temperatures and to provide high stiffness. In particular the functionally graded porous materials (FGPMs) introduced are expected to have these desired properties, consequently eliminating local stress concentration and de-lamination. In the present paper, a new shear strains shape function is chose...

This paper proposes the refined first order shear deformation theory to investigate the free vibration behavior of bidirectional functionally graded porous plates. This theory satisfies the transverse shear stress free conditions at the top and bottom of the plate, thus avoids the need of a shear correction factor. The rule of mixtures is employed to compute the effective material properties an...

Non-prismatic beams have received great attention from engineers due to their capability in optimizing the strength and weight of the structure. In recent years, many researchers have worked on engineering problems related to static and dynamic analysis of either Euler–Bernoulli [1–3] or Timoshenko [4,5] beams. For short thick beams and rotating machineries, the Timoshenko beam theory presents ...

We construct a free fermion and matrix model representation of refined Bogomol’nyi-PrasadSommerfeld generating functions of D2 and D0 branes bound to a single D6 brane, in a class of toric manifolds without compact four-cycles. In appropriate limit we obtain a matrix model representation of refined topological string amplitudes. We consider a few explicit examples which include a matrix model f...

The refined Gribov-Zwanziger (RGZ) action in the Landau gauge accounts for existence of infinitesimal Gribov copies as well dynamical formation condensates infrared Euclidean Yang-Mills theories. We couple scalar fields to RGZ and compute one-loop propagator adjoint representation group. compare our findings with existing lattice data. fate Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin symmetry this model is discu...