The installation of roofing materials with increased solar reflectance (i.e., "cool roofs") can mitigate the urban heat island effect and reduce energy use. In addition, meteorological changes, along with the possibility of enhanced UV reflection from these surfaces, can have complex impacts on ozone and PM2.5 concentrations. We aim to evaluate the air-quality impacts of widespread cool-roof in...

We propose a spectral prediction model for predicting the reflectance and transmittance of recto-verso halftone prints. A recto-verso halftone print is modeled as a diffusing substrate surrounded by two inked interfaces in contact with air (or with another medium). The interaction of light with the print comprises three components: (a) the attenuation of the incident light penetrating the print...

The reflectance factor is a quantity describing the efficiency of a surface to reflect light and affecting the observed brightness of reflected light. It is a complex property that varies with the view and illumination geometries as well as the wavelength and polarization of the light. The reflectance factor response is a peculiar property of each target surface. In optical remote sensing, the ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy have been used separately and combined for tissue diagnostics. Previously, we assessed the value of autofluorescence spectroscopy for the classification of oral (pre-)malignancies. In the present study, we want to determine the contributions of diffuse reflectance and autofluorescence spectroscopy to diagnostic perf...

Author's Current Address: E.P. BIasch, Air Force Research Laboratory, NY, USA; D.A. Lambert, Defence Science & Tech. Organization, Australia; P. Valin, Defence R&D Canada Valcartier; M. "Mitch" M. Kokar, Northeastern University, MA, USA; J. Llinas, SUNY Buffillo, NY, USA; S. Das, Machine Analytics, MA, USA; C. Chong, BAB Systems, CA, USA; and E. Shahbazian, OODA Technologies, Canada. Manuscxrip...

We consider retarded time-delay systems ˙ x(t) = Ax(t) + Bx(t − τ), t > 0 x(t) = ϕ(t), t ∈ [−τ, 0] (Σ) where A, B ∈ R n×n .

PURPOSE To determine whether reflectance changes of the retina after electrical suprachoroidal-transretinal stimulation (STS) can be detected with a newly developed optical imaging fundus camera. METHODS Ten eyes of 10 cats were studied. A small retinal area was focally stimulated with electric currents passing between an active electrode placed in the fenestrated sclera and a reference elect...

The reported optical constants of uranium differ from that of vacuum significantly more than other elements do over the range of about 150 to 350 eV. This suggests that uranium could be used to produce high reflectance imaging mirrors for many soft x-ray applications. Elemental uranium is too chemically active to be used as a front surface mirror without protection. We computed the expected ref...

A field experiment was conducted in 2001–2002 to investigate relationships between canopy spectral reflectance and leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass (ABM), and lint yield of irrigated cotton across four N fertilizer rates of 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha−1. These N rates were used to generate a wide range of difference in canopy structure and lint yield. Measurements of canopy reflectanc...

We present a new approach to reflectance estimation for dynamic scenes. Non-parametric image statistics are used to transfer reflectance properties from a static example set to a dynamic image sequence. The approach allows reflectance estimation for surface materials with inhomogeneous appearance, such as those which commonly occur with patterned or textured clothing. Material reflectance prope...