In 1971, Rempt et al. reported peripheral refraction patterns (skiagrams) along the horizontal visual field in 442 people. Later in the same year, Hoogerheide et al. used skiagrams in combination with medical records to relate skiagrams in emmetropes and hyperopes to progression of myopia in young adults. The two articles have spurred interest in peripheral refraction in the past decade. We cha...

To investigate how age affects peripheral refraction we measured objective peripheral refraction for 55 young subjects (24+/-4 years) and 41 older subjects (59+/-3 years) out to 35 degrees eccentricity in temporal and nasal visual fields. Subjects were compared in 1D subgroups based on central spherical equivalent refractions (low hypermetropes +0.54 D to +1.51 D, emmetropes +0.50 D to -0.49 D,...

We study a dispersive counterpart of the classical gas dynamics problem of the interaction of a shock wave with a counter-propagating simple rarefaction wave often referred to as the shock wave refraction. The dispersive shock wave (DSW) refraction due to its head-on collision with the centred rarefaction wave (RW) is considered in the frameworks of the one-dimensional defocusing nonlinear Schr...

Comprehensive beam tracing method is a simulation method that calculates refraction as well as reflection of sound. Due to the non-linear nature of Snell’s law, refraction (in contrast to reflection) is not a linear transformation. Because of this triangular beams used in comprehensive beam tracing simulation lose focus after refraction. In this paper the problem of non-linearity of refraction ...

Duke-Elder, K.C.V.O., M.A., D.Sc., Ph.D., M.D., F.R.C.S., Hon. D.Sc. (North Western). 1948. J. and A. Churchill Ltd., London. Pp. xiv plus 317 with 216 illustrations. Price, 18s. The fifth edition brings this excellent book up to date. New matter has been added on the nature and incidence of refractive errors and the recent views on their biological determination. This should help spread a more...

This is an excellent little guide to sight testing by Dr. S. K. G-anguly, Assistant at the Eye Infirmary of the Medical College, Calcutta. It is a very practical little book?concise, correct, and clear. Each section or chapter is devoted to description with methods of procedure and illustrative examples. The difficult subject of astigmatism is clearly explained, and the methods for correction d...

A perfect lens with unlimited resolution has always posed a challenge to both theoretical and experimental physicists. Recent developments in optical metamaterials promise an attractive approach towards perfect lenses using negative refraction to overcome the diffraction limit, improving resolution. However, those artificially engineered metamaterials are usually accompanied by high losses from...

PURPOSE To analyze the relationship between visual field (VF) progression and baseline refraction in Japanese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) including normal-tension glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, the subjects were patients with POAG who had undergone VF tests at least ten times with a Humphrey Field Analyzer (Swedish interactive thresholding alg...