OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship of near, midworking distance, and outdoor activities with prevalence of myopia in school-aged children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of 2 age samples from 51 Sydney schools, selected using a random cluster design. PARTICIPANTS One thousand seven hundred sixty-five 6-year-olds (year 1) and 2367 12-year-olds (year 7) participated in the Sydney Myopia Study...

X-ray refraction-based computer tomography imaging is a well-established method for nondestructive investigations of various objects. In order to perform the 3D reconstruction of the index of refraction, two or more raw computed tomography phase-contrast images are usually acquired and combined to retrieve the refraction map (i.e. differential phase) signal within the sample. We suggest an appr...

In photorealistic rendering, refraction is a vital optical phenomenon for transparent objects. This study proposes a real-time image-space method for approximate multiple refraction. First, a depth-peeling technique is used to disassemble a 3D polygonal model into four layers of normal and depth textures. Next, a modified ray-height-field intersection algorithm is employed to resolve discontinu...

PURPOSE To compare the results from manifest refraction using trial lenses and a standard visual acuity protocol to results from autorefraction for obtaining refractive error and best corrected visual acuity in patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. METHODS During a 4-month period, 29 patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV), who were enrolled in the Submacular Su...

OBJECTIVE To compare visual acuity (VA) scores after autorefraction vs manual refraction in eyes of patients with diabetes mellitus and a wide range of VAs. METHODS The letter score from the Electronic Visual Acuity (EVA) test from the electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study was measured after autorefraction (AR-EVA score) and after manual refraction (MR-EVA score), which is the...

PURPOSE To study the relationship between refraction after cataract surgery and the use of spectacles in patients older than 65 years. METHODS Retrospective case control study. The study included 40 retired subjects older than 65 years-old who fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Clinical ophthalmic and optical information was collected, and patients were requested to complete a validated questi...