نتایج جستجو برای: refraction
تعداد نتایج: 8286 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
We consider the problem of radiative transfer in stellar atmospheres where the index of refraction departs from unity and is a function of density and temperature. We present modified Feautrier and Lambda-iteration methods to solve the equation of radiative transfer with refraction in a plane parallel atmosphere. These methods are general and can be used in any problem with 1-D geometry where t...
Accurate measurement of refractive error in uncooperative patients and young children, requires cycloplegia. The aim of the present study was to determine whethere cyclopentolate by itself or in combination with 4 times instillation of atropine can be used as a substitute for 10 times instillation of atropine. From 1994 to 1996, 39 patients aged 2-12 years were included in this study. Cyclopleg...
We review the intensively discussed ideas about wave propagation and refraction in media where both electric permittivity and magnetic permeability are negative. The criticism against negative refraction as violating the causality principle is considered. Starting from the initial wave equations, refraction of beams at the boundary of a lefthanded medium is analyzed. The physics of a perfect le...
Some Problems with Negative Refraction* by John Michael Williams P. O. Box 2697, Redwood City, CA 94064 [email protected] Abstract J. B. Pendry's "Negative Refraction Makes a Perfect Lens" is analyzed. It appears that several statements may be understood in terms of lens design but not in terms of fundamental behavior of light. In a recent Letter, "Negative Refraction Makes a Perfect Lens" (P...
PURPOSE Of all transforms of an eye, aberrations are significant when higher visual acuity is to be achieved. Ray tracing aberrometry developed by the Institute of Biomedical Engineering (Kiev) and first tested at the Vardinoyannion Eye Institute of Crete is a promising technique for eye refraction aberration and refraction mapping. METHODS The technique uses measurement of the position of a ...
BACKGROUND The near work and outdoor activity are the most important environmental risk factors for myopia. However, data from Chinese rural children are relatively rare and remain controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of both near work and outdoor activities with refractive error in rural children in China. METHODS In this cross-sectional study,...
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Spot Vision Screening™ as an autorefractor by comparing refraction measurements to subjective clinical refractometry results in children and adult patients. METHODS One-hundred and thirty-four eyes of 134 patients were submitted to refractometry by Spot and clinical refractometry under cycloplegia. Patients, students, physici...
refractor ambiguities are big problem in seismic refraction method especially in seismic engineering. there can be hidden subsurface geological phenomena such as hidden faults and shear zones which are not simply predicted by the travel-time graph or some geophysical methods. head wave amplitudes are used to show the resolution of refractor ambiguities and the existence of anisotropy in complex...
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