BACKGROUND The cohort multiple randomised controlled trial (cmRCT) design provides an opportunity to incorporate the benefits of randomisation within clinical practice; thus reducing costs, integrating electronic healthcare records, and improving external validity. This study aims to address a key concern of the cmRCT design: refusal to treatment is only present in the intervention arm, and thi...

BACKGROUND Parent refusal or deliberate delay of their child's vaccinations poses a challenge for pediatricians. Some pediatricians may choose to dismiss these families from their practice. OBJECTIVES To describe pediatricians' responses to scenarios of vaccine refusal, identify reasons pediatricians cite for both parent refusal and family dismissal, and illustrate pediatrician attitudes abou...

BACKGROUND Patients who refuse therapy against medical advice may be at risk of adverse health outcomes. We analyzed the impact of therapy refusal and its effect on the survival of retinoblastoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS 165 consecutive untreated retinoblastoma patients admitted to the CM-Hospital, between 1993-2000 were evaluated retrospectively. Survival outcomes and its association w...