OBJECTIVE In 2005, we conducted a study of the prevalence of board certification requirements for hospital privileging and found that one-third of hospitals did not require pediatricians to be board certified. In 2010, the American Board of Pediatrics implemented the Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program. To examine changes in the policies of hospitals regarding requirements for board cert...

Introduction As physical performance may be more difficult for overweight children than for their non-overweight peers, understanding how weight impacts student performance in the physical education (P.E.) classroom could inform school-based obesity prevention programming. Materials and methods This qualitative case study examined one elementary physical educator's perspectives of overweight ...

Not all women invited to participate in the NHS breast screening programme will do so; those who do not may differ in their risk of breast cancer from those who do. This “self selection” for screening can result in women at either high or low risk being overrepresented in those screened. A screening programme in which those who attend have a high risk of breast cancer is likely to detect more c...

Study sample Power calculations were conducted in the preliminary phase of the study. These suggested that a sample of 1,800 individuals would be required to obtain a prevalence ratio of 1.6 with 80% power and a 5% alpha error for presentations ranging from 25 to 75%. An additional 10% of patients were enrolled to account for potential refusals, and a further 15% to ensure sufficient power for ...

BACKGROUND Teaching sessions for medical students during ward rounds are an essential component of bedside teaching, providing students with the opportunity to regard patients as actual people, and to observe their physical conditions directly, allowing a better understanding of illnesses to be developed. We aim to explore medical students' perceptions regarding medical and surgical ward rounds...

BACKGROUND In Kuwait, 21 residency training programs were offered in the year 2011; however, no data is available regarding the criteria of selecting residents for these programs. This study aims to provide information about the importance of these criteria. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from members (e.g. chairmen, directors, assistants …etc.) of residenc...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate an association previously reported in a retrospective study between the A phenotype and social classes I and II. DESIGN The study was a prospective survey using a cohort of blood donors. SETTING Participants were donors at a regional blood bank in southern Ireland servicing a population of approximately 380,000. PARTICIPANTS Of 2442 ...

BACKGROUND In earlier work, we found important selection biases when we tried to obtain consent for participation in a national stroke registry. Recognizing that not all registries will be exempt from requiring consent for participation, we examine here in greater depth the reasons for the poor accrual of patients from a systems perspective with a view to obtaining as representative sample as p...

The medico-legal issues raised by 'conscientious objection' constitute a particularly revealing, though hitherto neglected instance of the emerging relationship between community responsibility and personal health during the late Victorian period. The following paragraphs seek to indicate the relevance of a medico-legal approach to Victorian social history, and to suggest certain areas of resea...

this study aimed to examine cross-cultural differences in performing refusal of requests between persian native speakers (pnss) and english native speakers (enss) in terms of the frequency of the semantic formulas. also examined in this study was whether persian efl learners would transfer their l1 refusal patterns into the l2, and if there would be a relation between their proficiency level an...