According to the latter’s 2022 report, foreign direct investment (FDI) Africa reached $83 billion in 2021. This increase is due proportion of 45 % total linked an intra-company financial transaction South Africa. In reality, global integration does not. Average economic growth over past twenty years has not exceeded 2.5 (UNCTAD 2020). continent, globalization continues be combined with a multit...

This article deals with the problem of defining legal nature integration associations, mainly regional, as well issue revealing their major role in world affairs. Notably, it is possible to clarify essence these entities if individual features distinguishing associations from existing form interstate cooperation, particular international organizations, are known. Of special interest characteris...

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BACKGROUND The global health system has a large arsenal of interventions, medical products and technologies to address current global health challenges. However, identifying the most effective and efficient strategies to deliver these resources to where they are most needed has been a challenge. Targeted and integrated interventions have been the main delivery strategies. However, the health sy...

In models of economic geography, plant-level scale economies and trade costs create incentives for spatial agglomeration of production into a manufacturing core and agricultural periphery, creating regional income differentials. We examine tax competition between national governments to influence the location of manufacturing activity. Labour is imperfectly mobile and governments impose redistr...

Introduction Economic integration and cooperation in Asia has traditionally been more market-driven and institution-lite. The Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) in 1997/98 and the Great Recession in 2008 changed that. As the number of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in Asia increases, intraregional trade has intensified and it continues to grow. In the financial side, the cross-border holding of financial...

This article discusses several key concepts for human resources policy in health in the context of Latin America's regional integration efforts. The article focuses on different concepts of integration to emphasize the analytical distinction between regional and conceptual integration. It also presents labor and human resources concepts before discussing, in the final analysis, the challenges t...

INTRODUCTION In April 2008, Japan launched a radical reform in regional health planning that emphasized the development of disease-oriented clinical care pathways. These 'inter-provider critical paths' have sought to ensure effective integration of various providers ranging among primary care practitioners, acute care hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, long-term care facilities and home care....