The emergence and proliferation of non-state armed security outfits across different geopolitical zones in Nigeria recent times is on the rise. Scholars have argued causes, necessity legality these regional outfits. However, studies not empirically examined character state as propelling factor for increase This study, therefore, whether weak governance by Federal Government accounted people cen...

The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate three scholarly perspectives -balance of power, institutional, and security complex -to examine the evolving dynamics of security interdependence and inter-state relations among Southeast Asian states and external powers since 1945. This study is thus a comparative evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the three methods in their empiri...

A person’s perception of the level of security at a specific location depends on many factors, including past experiences in that location, the actual crime suffered by the population and more. Thus, when the individual perception that a location is insecure becomes the general rule is when the perception of security becomes an attribute of the region rather than the fears of some of its indivi...

with the collapse of the soviet :union:, vacuum of power emerged in the south caucasus. this matter has sparked trans-regional and regional powers competition. the newly established republics create challenges and opportunities for iran and turkey. the result of this situation is the competition between tehran and ankara in the region. this topic is highly important in regional equations becaus...