This article offers a critical political economy analysis of the new engagement of Europe with East Asia formalized through the Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) initiative. It does so by locating the significance of the evolving relationship in the context of the current debates on globalization and regionalization, and argues that posing issues in terms of ‘national’ versus ‘global’ overlooks a vita...

The neocortex is divided into multiple areas with specific architecture, molecular identity and pattern of connectivity with the dorsal thalamus. Gradients of transcription factor expression in the cortical primordium regulate molecular regionalization and potentially the patterning of thalamic projections. We show that reduction of Fgf8 levels in hypomorphic mouse mutants shifts early gradient...

Abstract We have obtained a ”hierarchical regionalization” of 3,107 county-level units of the United States based upon 1995-2000 intercounty migration flows. The methodology employed was the two-stage (double-standardization and strong component [directed graph] hierarchical clustering) algorithm described in the 2009 PNAS letter arXiv:0904.4863. Various features (e. g., cosmopolitan vs. provin...

Although the gut is a central organ of Eumetazoans and is essential for organismal health, our understanding of its morphological and molecular determinants remains rudimentary. Here, we provide a comprehensive atlas of Drosophila adult midgut. Specifically, we uncover a fine-grained regional organization consisting of 14 subregions with distinct morphological, histological, and genetic propert...

This paper investigates the current situation and main reasons for the massive circulation of China’s national currency, the renminbi (RMB), in China’s neighboring economies. It indicates that the expansive use of RMB in Asia is the beginning of the process of RMB internationalization. This process is being driven by a strong Chinese economy and increased investors’ confidence in RMB. Internati...

Globalization is characterized by many accomplishments of the world economy: from regional trade agreements proliferation to the acceptance of international standards. One way of integrating Africa into globalization trends is through regional integrations. However, Africa’s dependence upon its colonial leaders has not reflected well on the process of regional integration. Regionalism in Africa...

Understanding the genetic mechanisms that control brain patterning in vertebrates represents a major challenge for developmental neurobiology. The cloning of genes likely to be involved in the organization of the brain and an analysis of their roles have revealed insights into the molecular pathways leading to neural induction, tissue specification, and regionalization of the brain. Among these...

This article reflects the proceedings of a breakout session, "Beyond ED Categorization-Matching Networks to Patient Needs," at the 2010 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference, "Beyond Regionalization: Integrated Networks of Emergency Care." It is based on concepts and areas of priority identified and developed by the authors and participants at the conference. The paper first describe...

The vertebrate brain is regionalized during development into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) is expressed in the midbrain/hindbrain boundary (MHB) and functions as an organizer molecule. Previous studies demonstrated that the brain of basal chordates or ascidians is also regionalized at least into fore/midbrain and hindbrain. To better understand the ascidia...

Homeobox-containing transcription factors crucially regulate the patterning and regionalization of the developing nervous system, as well as the proliferation, survival and differentiation of distinct neuronal populations. Altered expression of these factors markedly impacts the structure and function of the embryonic and adult central nervous system (CNS). In both humans and mice, mutations of...