This paper presents an overview of the main issues associated with the economics of offshore wind. Investment in offshore wind systems has been growing rapidly throughout Europe, and the technology will be essential in meeting EU targets for renewable energy in 2020. Offshore wind suffers from high installation and connection costs, however, making government support essential. We review variou...

Renewable electricity policies promote investment in renewable electricity generators and have become increasingly common around the world. Because of intermittency and the composition of other generators in the power system, the value of certain renewables—particularly wind and solar—varies across locations and technologies. This paper investigates the implications of this heterogeneity for th...

Research and innovation in renewable energy, such as wind solar, have been supporting the green transformation of energy systems, backbone a low-carbon climate-resilient society. The major challenge is to manage complexity grid allow for higher shares highly variable renewables while securing safety stability stable supply. A great help comes from ongoing digital where digitisation infrastructu...

Soon after the UK’s Feed-in Tariff (FiT) Scheme providing incentive prices for renewable energy was introduced in 2010, adjustments and modifications were made to eligibility criteria prices. Prices paid (RE) under scheme cut, deployment caps introduced, preliminary accreditation efficiency standards imposed. Controversy ensued as supporters sought help nascent RE technologies, while detractors...

The use of renewable energy reduces environmental pollution and leads to achievement of sustainable development. The current study investigates the dynamic interrelationship between sustainable development, renewable and non-renewable energies and environment nexus by applying Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) and impulse response functions in Iran with an annual data frequency for the time...

This paper presents the development and use of an optimisation model suitable for analysis of biofuel production scenarios in the EU, with the aim of examining second generation biofuel production. Two policy instruments are considered – targeted biofuel support and a CO2 cost. The results show that over 3% of the total transport fuel demand can be met by second generation biofuels at a cost of...