This article reviews bioengineered strategies for spinal cord repair using tissue engineered scaffolds and drug delivery systems. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) is multifactorial and multiphasic, and therefore, it is likely that effective treatments will require combinations of strategies such as neuroprotection to counteract secondary injury, provision of scaffolds to replace ...

Interest in osteochondral repair has been increasing with the growing number of sports-related injuries, accident traumas, and congenital diseases and disorders. Although therapeutic interventions are entering an advanced stage, current surgical procedures are still in their infancy. Unlike other tissues, the osteochondral zone shows a high level of gradient and interfacial tissue organization ...

This article provides a state-of-the-art overview of clinically relevant evidence regarding effective, noninvasive management strategies to prevent, arrest, and remineralize caries lesions. With the rapidly increasing knowledge about oral biofilms and the process of caries in itself, the profession is embarking on new strategies. This is an exciting time, with several promising new agents and n...

Articular cartilage is a unique tissue owing to its ability to withstand repetitive compressive stress throughout an individual's lifetime. However, its major limitation is the inability to heal even the most minor injuries. There still remains an inherent lack of strategies that stimulate hyaline-like articular cartilage growth with appropriate functional properties. Recent scientific advances...

Successful machine diagnosis consists not only of sound diagnostic reasoning, but also the selection of appropriate repairs, sequencing the repairs correctly, interactively validating the success of each repair, and performing follow-on diagnosis in case of repair failure. We discuss some of the issues involved in formulating a repair strategy for an expert system, review some aspects of expert...

The advances in biomedicine over the past decade have provided revolutionary insights into molecules that mediate cell proliferation and differentiation. Findings on the complex interplay of cells, growth factors, matrix molecules and cell adhesion molecules in the process of tissue patterning have vitalized the revolutionary approach of bioregenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Here we ...

Defects of articular cartilage that do not penetrate to the subchondral bone fail to heal spontaneously. Defects that penetrate to the subchondral bone elicit an intrinsic repair response that yields a fibrocartilaginous repair tissue which is a poor substitute for hyaline articular cartilage. Many arthroscopic repair strategies employed utilise this intrinsic repair response to induce the form...

This paper presents a framework for the definition of monotonic repair rules on chart items and Lexicalized Tree Grammars. We exploit island representations and a new level of granularity for the linearization of a tree called c o n n e c t e d routes. It allows to take into account the topology of the tree in order to trigger additional rules. These local rules cover ellipsis and common extra-...

We study the data reliability problem for a community of devices forming a mobile cloud storage system. We consider the application of regenerating codes for file maintenance within a geographically-limited area. Such codes require lower bandwidth to regenerate lost data fragments compared to file replication or reconstruction. We investigate threshold-based repair strategies where data repair ...

Recent advances in genetics controversially suggest that the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana performs genetic repair using genetic information that originates in the individual’s grandparent generation. We apply this ancestral genetic repair strategy within an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) to solve a constraint based optimisation problem. Results indicate that the grandparent based genetic repai...