This paper argues that rectificatory justice should supplement distributive justice in allocating priority of access to scarce medical resources. Where a patient is at fault for the scarcity of healthy organs a principle of restitution requires that she should give priority to the faultless. Such restitution is non-punitive, and is akin to reparation in civil law, not criminal law. However, it ...

We are indebted to Dr. Ellen Ingham for ncouragement, helpful discussions, and omments. We also thank Miss Misako (agi and Miss Yasuko Kamei for their xcellent secretarial assistance, and Miss iermione Elliott and Mr. David S. Tano for heir help in revising the English in the reparation of this manuscript. This work vas supported in partby the Japan Climal Pathology Foundation for International...

International investment arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism for resolving disputes between foreign investors and host states is also a favourite investors. It consist of three parts, all which can be resolved separately. These are jurisdiction, merits damages. Consequently, it possible tribunal to render one, two or even arbitral awards, depending on the decision bifurca...

Sexual violence within the context of armed conflict is not a recent phenomenon. It has existed for as long existed. According to international law, Bosnia and Herzegovina must compensate victims sexual during war, thereby mitigating effects such war crimes. However, Herzegovina's failure effectively implement reparations wartime negative impact on their status. The reparation system are ineffe...

Skeletons of healthy and damaged specimens of Spongia officinalis were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Comparisons of the fibre net demonstrated that bacterial invasion was responsible for the decay of spongin fibres in affected sponges. Bacteria were located both inside and on the surface of fibres. Irregularly shaped spaces and canals together with many orifices wer...

We propose a simple model of pathologic microsatellite expansion, and describe an inherent self-repairing mechanism working against expansion. We prove that if the probabilities of elementary expansions and contractions are equal, microsatellite expansions are always self-repairing. If these probabilities are different, self-reparation does not work. Mosaicism, anticipation and reverse mutation...