Bacteria readily colonize kitchen surfaces, and the exchange of microbes between humans and the kitchen environment can impact human health. However, we have a limited understanding of the overall diversity of these communities, how they differ across surfaces and sources of bacteria to kitchen surfaces. Here we used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to explore biogeographical pat...

Construction initiation (CI) of floor area is an important socioeconomic and physical characteristic of urban structure and its evolution. Despite its importance and the availability of CI data, it has not attracted significant attention until now. Since the 1970s, the Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality and Israel Central Bureau of Statistics have collected annual CI data pertaining to residential and ...

decreasing qualitative aspects of residential environments is a real problem in recent public housing of kerman. this article is concentrated on surveying the impact of in-between spaces on residential environments quality (req), to evaluate different kinds of it and to determine interrelation of two main components: residents individual characteristics and characteristics of in-between spaces....

Along with urbanization and decentralization, the sustainability of metropolitan areas is considered one of the most significant challenges worldwide. Transportation-related problems, such as congestion, GHG emissions, and excessive energy consumption, have been imposing tremendous pressure on the sustainability of metropolitan areas. As a noticeable component of urban form, local residential d...

ijur_873 291..313 Despite decades of government reform, the American housing credit system continues to mirror long-standing patterns of racial segregation and inequality. Consistent with this trend, the current housing crisis reveals an unusually high concentration of subprime mortgage activity and property foreclosures in non-white residential settlements across the nation. Given the generall...

This article investigates the role of spatial pattern in residential outdoor water use and implications for the efficacy of non-price restrictions. Drawing on a spatially explicit dataset, the analysis characterizes latent neighborhood effects in households’ outdoor water use and how these effects vary during water restrictions. Results illustrate that spatial patterns in water use vary across ...

Considering the acceptance of culture as the principle predictorof understanding housing elements, including religious and behavioral patterns, is becoming increasingly important. This understanding can be clearly visualized in a city such as Kerman. Kerman is located in South-East of Iran andhas a diverse culture witha residential district in which Muslims, Zoroastrians, and Jews liveside b...

Urban areas are complicated due to the mix of man-made features and natural features. A higher level of structural information plays an important role in land cover/use classification of urban areas. Additional spatial indicators have to be extracted based on structural analysis in order to understand and identify spatial patterns or the spatial organization of features, especially for man-made...

Managing urban growth in small to moderate size communities is often particularly challenging. Development pressures and desire for greater tax bases are often high, while resources and technologies to project the outcomes of planning decisions are often limited. Over the 1990s, the township of Williston, Vermont approved the development of as many as 300 residential units per year. During this...