Background: Pistachio is one of the main nutrients, not only as a strategic crop but also as a main type of nut, in Iranians’ food cycle. The aim of this study was to measure the relative safety of Iranian pistachio based on the standard pesticide’s residue limits, which should be monitored and assessed in the cultivation of pistachio in order to confirm its public health. Method...

It has been reported in the literature on computational neuroscience that a rat’s uncanny ability to dash back to a home position in the absence of any visual clues (or in total darkness, for that matter) may stem from its distinctive method of position representation. More specifically, it is hypothesized that the rat uses a multimodular method akin to residue number system (RNS), but with con...

Intended for mathematical physicists interested in applications of the division algebras to physics, this article highlights some of their more elegant properties with connections to the theories of Galois fields and quadratic residues.

This paper studies the effect of the moduli number within a moduli set on the overall speed of the residue number system (RNS). Choosing a proper moduli set greatly affects the performance of the whole system. The widely known issue is that as the number of moduli increases the speed of the residue arithmetic units (RAUs) increases, whereas the residue-to-binary converters (RCs) become slower a...

Let A„{a, b) = {ban+(a-l)/b)2+4an with n > 1 and ¿>|a-l . If W is a finite set of primes such that for each n > 1 there exists some q £W for which the Legendre symbol {A„{a, b)/q) ^ -1 , we call <£ a quadratic residue cover (QRC) for the quadratic fields K„{a, b) = Q{^jA„{a, b)). It is shown how the existence of a QRC for any a, b can be used to determine lower bounds on the class number of K„{...

Factoring an integer is equivalent to express the integer as the difference of two squares. We test that for any odd modulus, in the corresponding ring of remainders, any element can be realized as the difference of two quadratic residues, and also that, for a fixed remainder value, the map assigning to each modulus the number of ways to express the remainder as difference of quadratic residues...

Issai Schur once asked if it was possible to determine a bound, preferably using elementary methods, such that for all prime numbers p greater than the bound, the greatest possible number of consecutive quadratic non-residues modulo p is always less than p. (One can find a brief discussion of this problem in R. K. Guy’s book [5]). Schur also pointed out that the greatest number of consecutive q...

In this work, we are interested in arithmetic in large prime field and their extensions of small degree. We explain why it is very interesting to use RNS arithmetic for the base field Fp when computations in Fpk have to be done, essentially thanks to lazy reduction. This is for example the case for pairing computations on ordinary curves (as MNT or BN curves). We prove that using RNS can consid...

Let A: be an integer > 2 andp a prime such that vk(p) = (k,p — 1) > 1. Let bn + c(n = 0,1,. ..;b > 2,1 < c < b, (b,p) — (c,p) = 1) be an arithmetic progression. We denote the smallest kth power nonresidue in the progression bn + c by g(p,k,b,c), the smallest quadratic residue in the progression bn + c by r2(p,b,c), and the nth smallest prime kth power nonresidue by g„(p,k), n = 0, 1, 2,_ If C(p...