The present study was done to evaluate the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in Lactococcus garvieae isolated from cultured rainbow trout, West Iran.The isolates were examined for antimicrobial resistance using disc diffusion method. Of the 24 strains tested, 21 were resistant to ampicillin (87.5%), 9 to erythromycin (37.5%) and 19 to tetracycline (79.1%). Fourteen strains were resistant ...

Background and objective: Wastewater treatment plants are important hotspots for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes to the environment.  The aim of this study identification of relevant antibiotic resistance genes in raw and final effluent of municipal wastewater treatment and also determination of effects of different wastewater treatment process on removal/reduction of these pollu...

Identifying the virulence factors of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) disease, awareness of numbers and identification of resistance genes in wheat breeding materials, accelerate the process of producing the resistance cultivars which are sustained against different races. To study the genetic and pathogenic and non-pathogenic spectrum of genes, five hot races of stripe rust wh...

Background & Aim: Antibiotic resistance to quinolones as a therapeutic agent of urinary tract infection in increasing in the world. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the resistance to quinolone antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection of hospitalized patients in Tehran, Iran in 2017. Methods: In the present study, 150 E. coli isolates was collected from uri...

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections and has an extraordinary ability to obtain antimicrobial resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant strains and producers of AmpC beta-lactamases of this bacterium cause serious infectious diseases in different parts of the hospital and in hospitalized people, and the treatment o...