Generalized modus ponens (GMP) is a basic model of approximate reasoning. GMP in fuzzy propositions called ponen (FMP) and it intuitionistic (IFMP) when are generalized to propositions. In this paper, we aim investigate reasoning methods for with mixture fuzzy/intuitionistic information. For mixed types GMP, present two solve problems based on the triple I method (TIM). One transform problem in...

The levels of acyclo-GMP (9([2-(phosphonooxy)ethoxy]methyl)guanine) phosphorylating activity were not significantly different in uninfected and herpes implex virus-infected Vero cells. The relative rates of phosphorylation of acyclo-GMP and GMP remained unchanged after gel filtration where both activities were observed to co-elute at a volume corresponding to a molecular weight of 22,000. Th...

Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is an intracellular second messenger that regulates adaptation processes, including biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we have characterized the core components of a c-di-GMP signaling pathway in the model Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Specifically, we have directly identified and characteri...

The selective discharge of lysosome granule enzymes from human neutrophils by certain immunologic stimuli can be influenced in opposing directions by guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) 1 and adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) (1-3). Similarly, the immunologic secretion of lysosomal enzymes can be enhanced or inhibited by specific autonomic neurohormones (1-3). In fact, certain...

The second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a nearly ubiquitous intracellular signal molecule known to regulate various cellular processes, including biofilm formation, motility, and virulence. The intracellular concentration of c-di-GMP is inversely governed by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) enzymes and phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, which synthesize and degrade c-di-GMP, respectively. The r...

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly amongst hospitalized individuals. The principle mechanism for pathogenesis in hospital environments involves the formation of biofilms, primarily on implanted medical devices. In this study, we constructed a transposon mutant library in a clinical isolate, K. pneumoniae AJ218, to identify the genes and path...

Diguanylate cyclases (DGC) and phosphodiesterases (PDE), respectively synthesise and hydrolyse the secondary messenger cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP), and both activities are often found in a single protein. Intracellular c-di-GMP levels in turn regulate bacterial motility, virulence and biofilm formation. We report the first structure of a tandem DGC-PDE fragment, in which the catalytic domains...

The generation of reactive oxygen species in diabetes is considered to be the major cause for the mutation related defects such as cancer, infertility etc. Glimepiride (Gmp) is a third generation antidiabetic sulphonylurea known to possess the antioxidant effect in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes. In this study, the anti-mutagenic activity of Gmp (0.175, 17.5 and 175 mg/kg, po daily for 4...

BACKGROUND The relation between grand multiparity (GMP) and the possible adverse pregnancy outcomes is not well identified. GMP (parity ≥5 births) frequently occurs in the Arab nations; therefore, this study aimed to identify the correlation between GMP and the different adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in the Saudi population. METHOD This cohort study was conducted on a total of 3327 w...

PURPOSE The effects of amiloride on cellular toxicity caused by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in mouse primary retinal cells were investigated. METHODS Primary retinal cell cultures were maintained using glial conditioned medium. Commercial tPA and L-arginine were added, and the level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic-GMP) in the culture supernatant was assessed using an ELISA as...