historically, the islamic state collected zakat (similar to the tithe of other regions) as national income. in indonesia, the private sector can raise zakat funds more effectively than the government. in 2010, zakat became tax-deductible income. this paper tries to analyze some factors that affect preference for zakat as a tax deduction in indonesia. the effectiveness of the regulation is also ...

Closure of superficial wounds in epithelia occurs by migration of cells shouldering the wound. We describe an in vitro model of such restitution using a human intestinal epithelial cell line, T84. T84 cells were grown on novel optically transparent type 1 collagen membranes without underlying filter supports. Monolayers so grown display substantial barrier function (400-500 ohm* cm2; 1.3±0.4 nm...

Perspectives Travaux sur le lancer de photons Amélioration de la répartition des photons dans le volume. Accélération de la recherche dans la carte. Cache dans le volume Cohérence spatiale à l'aide d'enregistrements volumiques. Milieux anisotropes Fonctions de phase (Henyey-Greenstein, Schlick...) Restitution réaliste des résultats Prise en compte du support de restitution. Exploitation de la c...

This paper argues that rectificatory justice should supplement distributive justice in allocating priority of access to scarce medical resources. Where a patient is at fault for the scarcity of healthy organs a principle of restitution requires that she should give priority to the faultless. Such restitution is non-punitive, and is akin to reparation in civil law, not criminal law. However, it ...

We observe oblique impacts of a hard aluminum oxide sphere on a thick elastoplastic polycarbonate plate by recording stroboscopic photographs of the sphere trajectory and spin. The apparent kinematic coefficient of normal restitution grows monotonically with the magnitude of the tangent of the angle of incidence, and the apparent coefficient of friction decreases with increasing normal impact v...

We have demonstrated that rate dependent restitution and action potential duration-refractory period hysteresis can be reproduced in a one-dimensional two-variable Chernyak-Starobin-Cohen reaction-diffusion medium with variable excitation threshold. We show that restitution and hysteresis depend on the relationship between pacing period and steady state excitation threshold and also on the rate...