We used the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose method to study the location and extent of primate frontal lobe areas activated for saccades and fixation and the retrograde transneuronal transfer of rabies virus to determine whether these regions are oligosynaptically connected with extraocular motoneurons. Fixation-related increases of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) values were found around the fu...

STUDY DESIGN The loosening rates of two monocortical pedicle screw designs (hollow and solid) were compared in a cadaveric sacrum model subjected to cyclic loading. OBJECTIVE To determine if a hollow screw would be more resistant to loosening than a solid pedicle screw when placed into the pedicles of S1 and tested under stair-cased cyclic loading. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Screw loosening...

STUDY DESIGN Biomechanical study. PURPOSE To determine the effect of density, insertion angle and reinsertion on pull-out strength of pedicle screw in single and two screw-rod configurations. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Pedicle screw pull-out studies have involved single screw construct, whereas two screws and rod constructs are always used in spine fusions. Extrapolation of results using the si...

STUDY DESIGN Clinical case series. PURPOSE In the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) procedure in our institute, the cephalad screw trajectory follows a mediolateral and caudocephalad directed path according to the original cortical bone trajectory (CBT) method. However, the starting point of the caudal screw is at the medial border of the pedicle on an articular surface of the superior...

introduction: the glutamatergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. administration of crocus sativus (saffron) or its constituent, crocin, facilitates the formation of memory. this research investigated the effect of crocin on antagonizing retrograde amnesia induced by ketamine, a glutamatergic receptor antagonist, in rats by shuttle box. methods:  male wistar rats were teste...