a r t i c l e i n f o Using event study methodology and two-stage regression analysis on a sample of firms announcing human resource outsourcing (HRO) contracts, this study tests the association between administrative HRO and firm-level capital market and long run operating performance, with archival financial data controlling for endogeneity and outsourcing decision optimality. The results dem...

This paper contributes to the discussion on contingencies of process innovations by focusing on and introducing organizational-level constructs of climate for initiative and psychological safety. We argue that process innovations, defined as deliberate and new organizational attempts to change production and service processes, need to be accompanied by climates that complement the adoption and ...

Purpose: The Food and Beverage industry is extremely important in any society because it meets basic human needs has a considerable impact on existence since the dawn of time. However, studies have shown that quoted food beverage firms are faced with struggle to maintain substantial level net profit before tax, earnings per share, return assets, equity dividend which likely due weak corporate g...

This paper examines the performance of property and liability reinsurance companies in the United States. It shows that these reinsurers have higher mean values than primary insurers in the following financial ratios: net operating income to net premium earned (NOI/PE), yield on invested assets (YIA), and loss reserves to net premium written (LR/NPW). Primary insurers, on the other hand, have h...

This study aims to determine whether return on aseets and equity have an influence profit growth in kalbe farma tbk companies 2009 – 2019. The research design used was associative causality with samples obtained using purposive sampling, a total sample of 44