the study was undertaken with the objectives to: (1) study the present status of plastic waste management and the existing phnom penh household willingness and their influence factors to segregate plastics for recycling and reuse (plastics & non plastics); (2) study how other cities encouraged and obtained the participation of their population in plastics recycling and reuse and (3) recommend w...

This paper represents a step toward a theory of knowledge reusability, with emphasis on knowledge management systems and repositories, often called organizational memory systems. Synthesis of evidence from a wide variety of sources suggests four distinct types of knowledge reuse situations according to the knowledge reuser and the purpose of knowledge reuse. The types involve shared work produc...

Most practical electrical circuits contain modular substructures that are repeatedly used to create the overall circuit. Genetic programming with automatically defined functions and architecture-altering operations successfully evolved a design for a two-band crossover (woofer and tweeter) filter with a crossover frequency of 2,512 Hz. Both the topology and the sizing (numerical values) for eac...

Software reuse is one of the technical approach that many believe can reduce software development time and cost. Reuse is clearly a partial solution to the long and costly development problems with complex control systems.This paper discusses why software is hard to reuse and why we cannot extend reuse analogies in other fields to software. The proposed approach is based on an incremental strat...

It is extensively reckoned that the development and utilization of reusable software artifacts is necessary for improving software development efficiency and software prominence. Most software development methodologies recognize the utility of reuse, and some even provide processes and contrivances to directly support it. Therefore, an object-oriented software engineering methodology is grounde...

The demands for software systems have been increasing worldwide and advances a software productivity have been insufficient to meet these demands. Software component reuse can make an important contribution to significant gains in productivity. However, to achieve its full potential, objective and automatable reuse guidelines are needed to support the designers of reusable components. We know c...

A major beneet of object oriented software development is the support for reuse provided by object oriented and object based languages. Yet, measures and measurement tools that quantify such language supported reuse have been lacking. Comprehensive reuse measures, particularly for reuse with modiications, are necessary to evaluate the status of reuse in an organization and to monitor improvemen...

Systematic software reuse has emerged as a promising route to improved software development productivity and quality. Many large corporations have initiated systematic reuse programs, and many reuse frameworks have been developed to guide organizations in these efforts. Yet, in spite of this, systematic reuse in practice has been difficult to achieve. In this article we argue that a key inhibit...

Software reuse has received much attention since the concept was introduced in 1968. Software reuse itself is a broad concept that has many levels of meaning, ranging from strict code reuse, to design/analysis reuse, to entire application reuse. Reusable software components are designed to apply the power and benefit of reusable, interchangeable parts from other industries to the field of softw...