Second order Markov chains which are trajectorially reversible are considered. Contrary to the reversibility notion for usual Markov chains, no symmetry property can be deduced for the corresponding transition operators. Nevertheless and even if they are not diagonalizable in general, we study some features of their spectral decompositions and in particular the behavior of the spectral gap unde...

BACKGROUND The purpose was to assess tolerance to terbutaline after daily use of long-acting beta2- agonist (LABA) and further to evaluate two designs of reversibility test widely used in research and clinic in order to demonstrate tolerance. METHODS Twenty-eight asthmatics were given daily LABA in 12 weeks and were randomized to challenge test and either conventional reversibility test with ...

This paper concerns two important techniques, characterization and property-preserving transformation, for verifying some basic properties of asymmetric choice Petri nets (AC nets). In the literature, a majority of the characterizations are for ordinary free choice nets. This paper presents many extended (from free choice nets) and new characterizations for four properties: liveness with respec...

estimation of protein stability is important for many reasons: first providing an understanding of the basic thermodynamics of the process of folding, protein engineering, and protein stability plays important role in biotechnology especially in food and protein drug design. today, proteins are used in many branches, including industrial processes, pharmaceutical industry, and medical fields. a...

A relational structure is called reversible iff every bijective endomorphism of that an automorphism. We characterize property in the class disconnected binary structures, and one its subclasses—posets are disjoint union chains. Also, using concept a monotone function from structures preordered by monomorphism into well founded relation, we detect additional classes posets. further give equival...

A class of monoids that can model partial reversibility allowing simultaneously instances of two-sided reversibility, one-sided reversibility and no reversibility is considered. Some of the basic decidability problems involving their rational subsets, syntactic congruences and characterization of recognizability, are solved. Recognizability of rational subsets is also proved to be decidable for...