The Arctic soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is important but poorly defined. The most cited pool size estimates are based on one study that uses 48 North American soils of which only 5 are actually in the Arctic. Three of these 5 are in the colder high arctic not representative of soils across Arctic North America. Soil map-based pool estimates rely on subarctic soils to project the Arctic. In al...

Although commentators periodically declare that Freud is dead, his repeated burials lie on shaky grounds. Critics typically attack an archaic version of psychodynamic theory that most clinicians similarly consider obsolete. Central to contemporary psychodynamic theory is a series of propositions about (a) unconscious cognitive, affective, and motivational processes; (b) ambivalence and the tend...

The turbulent flux of momentum or Reynolds stress is a mechanism responsible for the generation of sheared flow by turbulence. The structure of the flux surface averaged stress 〈ṽrṽ⊥〉 is investigated in the edge region of a L-mode tokamak plasma. The stress induced by the perpendicular tilting of ballooning modes is considered. Besides the tilting by the E×B flow shear, which is a negative visc...

In the present, the past is more knowable than the future — but people think far more about the future than the past. Both facts derive from the principle that the future can be changed whereas the past cannot. Our theory of pragmatic prospection holds that people think about the future so as to guide actions to bring about desirable outcomes. It proposes that thoughts about the future begin by...