in this study, the optimization of energy consumption and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of irrigated lentil production in esfahan province were conducted using data envelopment analysis (dea) method. the used data were collected randomly from 140 lentil producers using a face to face questionnaire method in the cropping season of 2014-2015. based on two dea models of constant returns to...

In this article, we will estimate efficiency amountof decision-making unit by offering the continuous piecewise polynomialextrapolation and interpolation by CCR model input-oriented on the assumptionthat it is constant returns to scale in different times. And finally, we willestimate efficiency amount of decision-making unit indifferent times byoffering an example.

In two experiments, normal subjects named briefly presented pictures of objects that were shown either to the left or to the right of fixation. The net effects attributable to hemifield were negligible: naming RTs were 12 msec lower for pictures shown in the left visual field but error rates were slightly lower, by 0.8%, for pictures shown in the right visual field. In both experiments, a secon...

In the Simon effect, participants make a left or right keypress in response to a nonspatial attribute (e.g., color) that is presented on the left or right. Reaction times (RTs) increase when the response activated by the irrelevant stimulus location and the response retrieved by instruction are in conflict. The authors measured RTs and movement parameters (MPs) of pointing responses in a typica...

This study investigates the directional return to scale of biological institutions in the China Science Academy. In the first stage, the input-output indicators provided including staff, budget of studies, SCI articles, high quality articles and graduate education, etc. In the second stage, the method proposed by Yang (2012) was used to analyse directional return to scale and directional conges...

This paper discusses various statistics for testing hypotheses regarding returns to scale in the context of non-parametric models of technical efficiency. In addition, the paper presents bootstrap estimation procedures which yield appropriate critical values for the test statistics. Evidence on the true sizes and power of the various proposed tests is obtained from Monte-Carlo experiments. This...

The paper considers the problem of collective action in an economy with heterogeneous agents. It analyses the effects of resource inequality, valuation heterogeneity, and group size on the expected total provision level of pure public goods with increasing or decreasing returns to scale in production. I find that higher average resource and valuation levels among the agents lead to higher provi...