We have isolated two spontaneous mutations that increase the expression of the Tn9-derived cat gene in Bacillus subtilis. These mutations, which appear to affect initiation of translation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT; acetyl-CoA:chloramphenicol 3-O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.28) consist of a tandem duplication and triplication of a 55-base-pair sequence located at the 5' end of ca...

Insect eyes are composed of spectrally heterogeneous ommatidia, typically with three different types. The ommatidial heterogeneity in butterflies can be identified non-invasively by the colorful eye shine, the reflection from the tapetal mirror located at the proximal end of the ommatidia, which can be observed by epi-illumination microscopy. Since the color of eye shine is determined by the sp...

We document the acoustics of the four Mangetti Dune !Xung coronal clicks. We report the temporal measures of burst duration, relative burst amplitude and rise time, as well as the spectral value of center of gravity in the click bursts. COG correlates with lingual cavity volume. We show that there is inter-speaker variation in the acoustics of the palatal click, which we expect to correlate wit...

The existence of a step-like contrast structure for a class of high-dimensional singularly perturbed system is shown by a smooth connection method based on the existence of a first integral for an associated system. In the framework of this paper, we not only give the conditions under which there exists an internal transition layer but also determine where an internal transition time is. Meanwh...

New results of NA61/SHINE on determination of charged hadron yields in proton-carbon interactions are presented. They aim to improve predictions of the neutrino flux in the T2K experiment. The data were recorded using a secondary-proton beam of 31 GeV/c momentum from CERN SPS which impinges on a graphite target. To determine the inclusive production cross section for charged pions, kaons and pr...

Playas are low-lands which is considered to be the locations of accumulation of superficial and ground waters fromhigher elevations and these waters have different types of salts and various salinity level. Therefore, because of lack ofrainfall and fresh-water both for human and animal useage or even for plants, it is needed to apply proper methods toharvest fresh water from these saline-waters...

It is a sobering fact that some 90% of papers that have been published in academic journals are never cited. Indeed, as many as 50% of papers are never read by anyone other than their authors, referees and journal editors. We know this thanks to citation analysis, a branch of information science in which researchers study the way articles in a scholarly field are accessed and referenced by othe...

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a virtually ubiquitous, but poorly defined, disorder of the small intestine among people living in conditions of poverty, which begins early in infancy and persists. EED is characterized by altered gut structure and function, leading to reduced absorptive surface area and impaired intestinal barrier function. It is hypothesized that recurrent exposure ...