Rivers discharge 28 ± 13Mmol yr 1 of mercury (Hg) to oceanmargins, an amount comparable to atmospheric deposition to the global oceans. Most of the Hg discharged by rivers is sequestered by burial of benthic sediment in estuaries or the coastal zone, but some is evaded to the atmosphere and some is exported to the open ocean. We investigate the fate of riverine Hg by developing a new global 3-D...

—Anadromous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from 12 rivers in Maine, 3 rivers in New Brunswick, and 2 rivers each in Nova Scotia, Quebec, Newfoundland, and Labrador as well as 2 landlocked strains in Maine (N 5 3,863) were genotyped at 11 microsatellite loci. Fish in the drainages of Maine’s Kennebec and Penobscot rivers were genetically similar to those sampled from the 8 rivers recently listed as...

E stablished and emerging infectious diseases of humans and animals are an ever-increasing threat. A key question in disease dynamics is how infection moves in space and time. The most dramatic manifestations of disease spread are waves of infection, often moving across great distances. These waves arise particularly during invasions of pathogens into susceptible territory (1). However, the int...

The study of turbulence has always been a challenge for scientists working on geophysical flows. Turbulent flows are common in nature and have an important role in geophysical disciplines such as river morphology, landscape modeling, atmospheric dynamics and ocean currents. At present, new measurement and observation techniques suitable for fieldwork can be combined with laboratory and theoreti...

We quantified nutritional and stress parameters (alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, protein, triglycerides, cortisol, and glucose) in invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) inhabiting four large rivers throughout three distinct time periods in the Midwestern USA. Examining the basic biology and ecology of an invasive species is crucial to gain an understanding of the interaction bet...

—Wood plays a major role in creating multiple invertebrate habitats in small streams and large rivers. In small streams, wood debris dams are instrumental in creating a step and pool profile of habitats, enhancing habitat heterogeneity, retaining organic matter, and changing current velocity. Beavers can convert sections of free-flowing streams into ponds and wetlands by killing trees and build...