Effects of roads on plant communities are not well known in cold-climate mountain ecosystems, where road building and development are expected to increase in future decades. Knowledge of the sensitivity of mountain plant communities to disturbance by roads is however important for future conservation purposes. We investigate the effects of roads on species richness and composition, including th...

Vehicle crashes are amongst the major causes of mortality and results in losses of lives and properties. A large number of the vehicle crashes occur on rural roads. Accidents become more noteworthy in two-lane roads due to going and coming traffic. Therefore, prediction of crashes and their causes are considerably important to reduce the number and severity of the accidents. The safety index is...

Color image processing is widely used in Intelligent Transport System, but seldom used in recognition of roads and slopes collapse. The application can reduce time and efforts. And the roads and slopes segmentation is the first and key step of the recognition system, which is a challenging and difficult problem. One of the problems is the presence of different types of roads and slopes. In this...

This paper presents a technique for the detection of roads in a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image using a genetic algorithm (GA). Roads in a spaceborne SAR image can be modeled as curvilinear structures that possess width. Curve segments, which represent the candidate positions for roads, are extracted from the image using a curvilinear structure detector, and the roads are accura...

Ahmad, Shaikh.M.S.C.E.,Purdue University, December 2014.Capacity-Related Driver Behavior on Modern Roundabouts Built on High-Speed Roads. Major Professor: Andrew Tarko. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the factors that affect capacity-related driver behavior on modern roundabouts built on high-speed roads. The capacity of roundabouts is strongly affected by the behavior of driver...

BACKGROUND Pregnant women exposed to traffic pollution have an increased risk of negative birth outcomes. We aimed to investigate the size of this risk using a prospective cohort of 970 mothers and newborns in Logan, Queensland. METHODS We examined two measures of traffic: distance to nearest road and number of roads around the home. To examine the effect of distance we used the number of roa...

Cold in-place recycling (CIR) has become an attractive method for rehabilitating asphalt roads that have good subgrade support and are suffering distress related to nonstructural aging and cracking of the pavement layer. Although CIR is widely used, its use could be expanded if its performance were more predictable. Transportation officials have observed roads that were recycled under similar c...

Roads are important ecological features of forest landscapes, but their cause-andeffect relationships with other ecosystem components are only recently becoming included in integrated landscape analyses. Simulation models can help us to understand how forested landscapes respond over time to disturbance and socioeconomic factors, and potentially to address the important role roads play in these...

The clarity of water in Lake Tahoe has declined substantially over the past 40 yr. Causes of the degradation include nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization of the lake waters and increasing amounts of inorganic fine sediment that can scatter light. Atmospheric deposition is a major source of fine sediment. A year-round monitoring study of road dust emissions around the lake was completed in 200...

Roads and vehicular traffic are among the most pervasive of threats to biodiversity because they fragmenting habitat, increasing mortality and opening up new areas for the exploitation of natural resources. However, the number of vehicles on roads is increasing rapidly and this is likely to continue into the future, putting increased pressure on wildlife populations. Consequently, a major chall...