We attempted a complete review of the empirical literature on effects of roads and traffic on animal abundance and distribution. We found 79 studies, with results for 131 species and 30 species groups. Overall, the number of documented negative effects of roads on animal abundance outnumbered the number of positive effects by a factor of 5; 114 responses were negative, 22 were positive, and 56 ...

This conference paper presents an accident study investigating where fatal alcoholand drugrelated accidents occur with respect to traffic environment (i.e., urban versus rural), road type, speed limit, annual average daily traffic flow, and road category. The study uses data from indepth studies of fatal accidents and from the Swedish National Road Database. Accident data from the 2006–2009 per...

in the past, forest road network designing was mainly done for its main goals-management and exploitation. this study was performed to pay attention for multilateral goals of forest roads, especially its role in forest villages’ development, in estakhr-posht of neka (6 villages) in series 2, section 6 of neka-zalem rood forest management plan. at first, constructed forest roads and suggested ro...

Efforts to mitigate road effects are now common in new highway construction projects. For effective mitigation of road effects it is important to identify the species whose populations are reduced by roads, so that mitigation efforts can be tailored to those species. We conducted a meta-analysis using data from 75 studies that quantified the relationship between roads and/or traffic and populat...

Road traffic accidents account for approximately 3000 deaths on a daily basis, and 50 million injuries and 1.2 million deaths each year. In low-income and middle income countries, road traffic accidents account for 85% of deaths and 90% of annual disability. Casualties of this magnitude are a serious problem throughout the world and create a significant impact on society. In addition, neurologi...

construction of forest roads disorders the natural trend of water movement. it is vital to make ditch and cross line drainage culvert to prevent the area from being destroyed and conduct the water of streems and vallies. determination of culvert diameters depends on the information of area discharge, physiographic characteristic, vegetation cover and site land use. in order to determine the amo...

Abstract Does financing respond to changes in productive opportunities, even for the world’s poor? We answer this question by examining response of private bank an infrastructure program that brought road access unconnected Indian villages. This prioritized roads villages above specific population thresholds, allowing us exploit resultant discontinuities identification. Using detailed data from...

The extraction of roads from aerial and satellite images is an important task within cartography and planning of new road networks. The automation of this task is highly motivated by the expected increase of the speed and the precision of extraction. This work considers automatic road extraction from single aerial images of high resolution. It is based on two previously developed approaches: Th...

Aerial imagery is an important source for the acquisition and update of GIS data. By using digital imagery it is possible to automate some parts of these tasks. In this context this paper proposes a new approach for the automatic update, i.e., verification and extraction, of roads from aerial imagery. The verification process evaluates road axes from GIS data based on the analysis of profiles t...