Within the framework of the Testing Algorithmic and Application Skills project we tested first year students of Informatics at the beginning of their tertiary education. We were focusing on the students’ level of understanding in different programming environments. In the present paper we provide the results from the University of Debrecen, the Universitatea BabesBolyai, and the Sapientia Hunga...

Pneumococcal infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The burden of disease associated with S. pneumoniae is largely preventable through routine vaccination. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (e.g. PCV7, PCV13) provide protection from invasive pneumococcal disease as well as non-invasive infection (pneumonia, acute otitis media), and decrease vaccine-type nasopharyngeal co...

PURPOSE The aim of this survey was to review and compare the current approaches to epilepsy management in central and eastern EU (CEEU) countries. METHOD The questionnaire was sent to ten invited experts from Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. It focused on the treatment of adults. RESULTS The number of neurologists and ep...

Cancer mortality in Europe, after a long-term increase, has actually fallen in recent years [1]. Although there was an 11% fall in lung cancer mortality in men in the European Union, there was an increase in women of 15% [2]. Lung cancer mortality rates remain highest for males in Hungary, Croatia, Poland, Belgium and the Russian Federation, and for women in Scotland, Denmark, Iceland, Hungary,...

We offer a comparison between the age profiles of rates of formation of marital and non-marital unions among women in Russia, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Italy. We show that there is considerable variability across these populations in the levels and age patterns of union entry rates, ranging (i) from high and early rates in Russia to slow and late entries in Italy; and (ii) from th...

D the first millennium B.C., the present territory of Romania was invaded by Thracians (I 2th century B.C.), Illyrians (750-450 B.C.), and Getae and Celts (300 B.C.). Dacians, the northern Thracians, are known from Greek sources of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. In the period between 200 and 31 B.C., the Dacian state extended between the Tisza River and the lower Danube. In 85 A.O., the Roman e...

BACKGROUND The present analysis aimed to estimate the penetration of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on the basis of the prevalence and incidence of eligible patients in selected European countries and in Israel. METHODS AND RESULTS The following countries were considered: Italy, Slovakia, Greece, Israel, Slovenia, Serbia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Ukraine, and the...

The apparition of Fuzzy Logic [10] has had a double repercussion on scientific research, and has provoked two types of reactions. From a theoretical point of view, it is indeed a very useful generalization of the classical Set Theory proposed by Boole and Cantor, in this way making possible our analysis of uncertainty. But unfortunately, in his first steps it had to avoid the assaults of routin...

Department of Physiology, Charitè-University Medicine Berlin, Thielallee 71, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CIBERObn-Institute Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Policlinico S. Orsola, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Medicine, San Raffaele Sc...

This article reviews the New Public Management (NPM) literature in Central and Eastern Europe, looking particularly at reforms in Estonia, Hungary and Romania. It finds that research that assessed changes in internal processes and activities within the public sector by far outnumber research that assessed changes in outputs and outcomes. Overall more studies have found positive than negative ef...