The effectiveness of rotational atherectomy as the primary strategy for complex, severe calcified lesions has been established for facilitating device delivery, optimal stent expansion, and good apposition [1-6]. However, the rotablator carries the potential for life-threatening complications. Flow complications, including slow flow/no reflow, coronary perforation, and dissection, are well know...

One-dimensional post normal shock flow calculations are carried out using state-of-the-art thermochemical nonequilibrium models. Two-temperature, four-temperature, and electronic master equation coupling models are adopted in the present work. In the four-temperature model, the rotational nonequilibrium is described by Parker andmodified Parkmodels. In the electronic master equation couplingmod...