This country study investigates the history and eventual conclusion of Nicaragua’s conditional cash transfer programme, the Red de Protección Social (RPS). Specific features of the programme, in both its first and second phase, are described thoroughly to provide readers with an appropriate understanding and appreciation of the details of RPS. A brief overview of the current state of social pro...

A universal aptamer-based sensing strategy is proposed using DNA modified nanocarriers and Resistive Pulse Sensing (RPS) for the rapid (≤20 min) label free detection of small molecules. The surface a magnetic nanocarrier was first with ssDNA (anchor) which designed to be partially complimentary in sequence aptamer. aptamer anchor form stable dsDNA complex on surface. Upon addition target molecu...

Rock-paper-scissors (RPS) dynamics, which maintain genetic polymorphisms over time through negative frequency-dependent (FD) selection, can evolve in short-lived species with no generational overlap, where they produce rapid morph frequency cycles. However, most species have overlapping generations and thus, rapid RPS dynamics are thought to require stronger FD selection, the existence of which...

The nature of Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET), demands stringent requirements on primitives that could be used to secure such networks. Mobility imposes restrictions on memory and processor requirements due to limited battery life. The ad hoc nature warrants schemes that could operate for extended periods without referring to a Trusted Authority (TA). Additionally, any enabling scheme for securi...

Mammalian hair cells possess only a limited ability to repair damage after trauma. In contrast, sea anemones show a marked capability to repair damaged hair bundles by means of secreted repair proteins (RPs). Previously, it was found that recovery of traumatized hair cells in blind cavefish was enhanced by anemone-derived RPs; therefore, the ability of anemone RPs to assist recovery of damaged ...

The authors developed an instrument called the "Rehabilitation Problem-Solving Form" (RPS-Form), which allows health care professionals analyze patient problems, to focus on specific targets, and to relate the salient disabilities to relevant and modifiable variables. In particular, the RPS-Form was designed to address the patients' perspectives and enhance their participation in the decision-m...

An international working group of clinicians and pathologists met in 2003 under the auspices of the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the Renal Pathology Society (RPS) to revise and update the 1982 and 1995 World Health Organization classification of lupus glomerulonephritis. This article compares and contrasts the ISN/RPS classification and the antecedent World Health Organization ...

BACKGROUND The International Society of Nephrology/ Renal Pathology Society classification (ISN/RPS) of lupus glomerulonephritis (GN) divides diffuse GN (>/=50% involvement) into diffuse segmental (IV-S) and diffuse global GN (IV-G). This division tests whether the pathogenesis and clinical outcomes are the same as when similar patients are classified using the World Health Organization (WHO) c...

Several studies have shown that ribosomal proteins (RPs) are important mediators of p53 activation in response to nucleolar disruption; however, the pathways that control this signalling function of RPs are currently unknown. We have recently shown that RPs are targets for the ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8, and that NEDDylation protects RPs from destabilization. Here, we identify NEDD8 as a cru...

The resistive pulse sensing (RPS) method based on the Coulter principle is a powerful method for particle counting and sizing in electrolyte solutions. With the advancement of microand nano-fabrication technologies, microfluidic and nanofluidic resistive pulse sensing technologies and devices have been developed. Due to the unique advantages of microfluidics and nanofluidics, RPS sensors are en...