Cancer is a family of diseases and breast cancer is a single disease. Breast tissues are made up of milk production glands, which called lobules and the ducts, which connect the lobules to the nipple. The remaining part of the breast is composed of with lymphatic, connective and fatty tissues. Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer in the world. Throughout worldwide breast cancer po...

participation is a process in which people involved to make endeavors aiming at a common goal; and they do this actively, freely with awareness and accountability. women participation as one of the principles for development can be studied from different perspectives. the objective of the present study is to investigate social and cultural factors influencing social participation of rural women...

in this article generational attitudes towards gender issue in three generation young, middle age, and elders have been studied and the objective is to answer following questions: 1. are there differences in attitudes towards women between generations? 2. are the attitudes’ differences between rural and urban communities similar? 3. do men and women have different attitudes toward women? analys...

Obstetric fistula is a sequela of complicated labour, which, if untreated, leaves women handicapped and socially excluded. In Burkina Faso, incidence of obstetric fistula is 6/10,000 cases amongst gynaecological patients, with more patients affected in rural areas. This study aims to evaluate knowledge on obstetric fistula among young women in a health district of Burkina Faso, comparing rural ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acceptability of self-collected vaginal samples for HPV testing in women living in rural and urban areas of Madagascar. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were recruited in a health care center (urban group) and smaller affiliated dispensaries (rural group). They were invited to perform unsupervised self-sampling for HPV testing and to answer a questionnaire on socio...

OBJECTIVE To define the geographical distribution of HIV infection and the community characteristics associated with HIV prevalence in a rural population of Uganda. DESIGN Seroprevalence survey and interviews of the population aged 13 years and older in 21 randomly selected clusters. SETTING Rural population of Rakai district, south west Uganda. SUBJECTS 1292 adults, of whom 594 men and 6...

Empowerment of women has emerged as an important issue in recent times. The economic empowerment of women is being regarded these days as a Sine-quo-non of progress for a country; hence, the issue of economic empowerment of women is of paramount importance to political thinkers, social scientists and reformers. The Self Help Groups (SHGs) have paved the way for economic independence of rural wo...

Abstract Non-renewable natural resources play an important role in sustainable development of developing countries such as Iran. However, since the natural resources should be preserved for future generations, proper use of such resources seems mandatory. Women are one of the prime users of natural resources in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to assess the conservational be...

BACKGROUND Rising rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are impending major threats to the health of African populations, but the extent to which they differ between rural and urban settings in Africa and upon migration to Europe is unknown. We assessed the burden of obesity and T2D among Ghanaians living in rural and urban Ghana and Ghanaian migrants living in different European countries...