Syphilitic alopecia (SA) is considered an uncommon manifestation of secondary syphilis. SA can present in a diffuse form, resembling telogen effluvium, or in a moth-eaten form that mimics a variety of conditions (i.e., alopecia areata, trichotillomania, lichen planus pilaris or tinea capitis). When the two forms coexist, we observe a mixed pattern. Essential SA manifests without evidence of muc...

Salicylic acid (SA) is central for the defense of plants to pathogens and abiotic stress. SA is synthesized in chloroplasts from chorismic acid by an isochorismate synthase (ICS1); SA biosynthesis is negatively regulated by autoinhibitory feedback at ICS1. Genetic studies indicated that the multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY5 (EDS5) of Arabidopsis (Arabido...

BACKGROUND The serum sialic acid (SA) concentration has been reported to be a potentially useful but nonspecific disease marker. We wanted to study which factors influence SA concentration in a well-characterized healthy population. METHODS SA was determined in 97 women and 96 men with a colorimetric Warren method. RESULTS The mean +/- SD concentrations of SA were 634 +/- 109 (95% confidenc...

This article presents a broad view of systems analysis and design (SA&D) research. Although SA&D is a critical area of research in the information systems field, relatively little such research has been published in leading IS journals. To point toward increased research opportunities for SA&D work, this article presents a framework that illustrates the broad range of activities within the SA&D...

This paper presents a comprehensive review of simulated annealing (SA)-based optimization algorithms. SA-based algorithms solve single and multiobjective optimization problems, where a desired global minimum/maximum is hidden among many local minima/maxima. Three single objective optimization algorithms (SA, SA with tabu search and CSA) and five multiobjective optimization algorithms (SMOSA, UM...