A highway system development involves huge irreversible investments, and requires rigorous modeling and analysis before the implementation decision is made. This decision-making process is embedded with multiple uncertainties due to changes in political, social, and environmental contexts. In this paper, we present a multistage stochastic model for decision making in highway development, operat...

population growth and urbanization increase the demand for developing new roads. heavy traffic of the east of tehran imposes high pressure on transportation. network of this city and old road of tehran-rudehen does not meet this need. therefore, constructing the new highway (tehran – pardis) in the east of tehran would be needed. but the new highway passes through protected area of jajrood an...

Anthropogenic noise associated with highway construction and operation can have individual- and population-level consequences for wildlife (e.g., reduced densities, decreased reproductive success, behavioral changes). We used a before-after control-impact study design to examine the potential impacts of highway construction and traffic noise on endangered golden-cheeked warblers (Setophaga chry...

Efforts to reduce the negative impacts of roads on wildlife may be hindered if individuals within the population vary widely in their responses to roads and mitigation strategies ignore this variability. This knowledge is particularly important for medium-sized carnivores as they are vulnerable to road mortality, while also known to use available road passages (e.g., drainage culverts) for safe...

Peter Kovesi Eun-Jung Holden Jason C. Wong Centre for Exploration Targeting Centre for Exploration Targeting Centre for Exploration Targeting The University of Western Australia The University of Western Australia The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway. Crawley WA. 6009 35 Stirling Highway. Crawley WA. 6009 35 Stirling Highway. Crawley WA. 6009 [email protected] eun-jung....

Safety levels at highway – rail level crossing locations continue to be a major concern at most of developing countries. Basically more than half of these accidents occur at public crossings, where active warning devices are in place and functioning properly. In most cases, accidents occurred when road users ignored the gates and passed through them or if they stopped on the tracks before the g...

environmental pollution of soil, plants and deposits around highways endanger urban environment through heavy metals as the by-products of vehicles and urban industries along with other pollutants. in this research, three main highways of tehran city; namely shahid chamran, shahid hemmat and yadegar emam which had the highest rate of vehicle transportation were selected and required sampling wa...

There is plenty of theoretical and empirical evidence that depth of neural networks is a crucial ingredient for their success. However, network training becomes more difficult with increasing depth and training of very deep networks remains an open problem. In this extended abstract, we introduce a new architecture designed to ease gradient-based training of very deep networks. We refer to netw...

People believe congestion occurs because demand exceeds capacity, so they support initiatives to build additional highway capacity or curtail highway travel demand. Politicians work to bring highway construction projects into their districts; environmentalists support proposals to make transit more attractive or automobile use more costly. This article argues that the facts do not support the b...