dna vaccination has been developed as a noteworthy immunotherapeutic approach for the battle against many serious challenges to human and animal safety, including infectious illnesses, autoimmunity, allergy and cancer. clinical trials prepare chances to examine whether dna vaccines can fulfill their final aim of demonstrating efficiency in treating humans. today, anticancer dna vaccines are qui...

Functions such as adaptive cruise control, crash protection systems, active body control and ESP are increasing in complexity and taking an ever more active role in controlling the car. These functions are realized by systems of sensors, actuators and interconnected electronic control units. The systems must be designed to function under a variety of operating conditions and must adhere to a nu...

Long duration and complex mission scenarios are characteristics of NASA’s human exploration of Mars, and will provide unprecedented challenges. Systems reliability and safety will become increasingly demanding and management of uncertainty will be increasingly important. NASA’s current pioneering strategy recognizes and relies upon assurance of crew and asset safety. In this regard, flexibility...

The U.S. National Academy of Engineering’s Grand Challenges for Engineering report has received a great deal of attention from legislators, policymakers, and educators, but what does it entail for social justice considerations in engineering? This article situates the Grand Challenges report as a cultural artifact of the engineering profession—an artifact that works to reinforce engineering’s p...

In this position paper, I introduce five grand challenges in the development of networked digital games. While this list is not intended to be exhaustive, I argue that these challenges are significant in that they are holding back the development of the next generation of innovative games.

Carlos M. Duarte* 1 Department of Global Change Research, (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-University of the Balearic Islands) Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, Mallorca, Spain 2 The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia 3 Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway *Correspondence:...