Symmetry in constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) has been considered in two fundamentally different ways: as an operation preserving the solutions of a CSP instance, or as an operation preserving the constraints. To reflect these two views, we define solution symmetry and constraint symmetry. We discuss how these concepts are related and show that some CSP instances have many more solution s...

Outline Outline Restatement Restatement of of the differences between the differences between legal rules and legal rules and legal legal principles principles Theory of coherence as constraint Theory of coherence as constraint satisfaction satisfaction applied to applied to legal reasoning legal reasoning (a (a glimpse glimpse)) Case study Case study

We show that every constraint satisfaction problem over a fixed constraint language that has bounded relational width has also relational width (2, 3). Together with known results this gives a trichotomy for width: a constraint satisfaction problem has either relational width 1, or relational width (2, 3) (and no smaller width), or does not have bounded relational width.

While several powerful methods exist for automatically detecting symmetries in instances of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), current methods for detecting symmetries in CSP models are limited to the kind of symmetries that can be inferred from the global constraints present in the model. Herein, a new approach for detecting symmetries in CSP models is presented. The approach is based on...

the subject of women occupation outside the home possible and negative effects of their own or family is including the controversial issues contemporary iranian society. the changes due to industrialization and become smaller family caused to increase free time for the women and more opportunities to pursue education and find the occupation outside the home. the research conducted on social eff...

The paper evaluates the e ectiveness of learning for speeding up the solution of constraint satisfaction problems. It extends previous work (Dechter 1990) by introducing a new and powerful variant of learning and by presenting an extensive empirical study on much larger and more di cult problem instances. Our results show that learning can speed up backjumping when using either a xed or dynamic...

Milton Babbitt (1916–2011) was a composer of twelve-tone serial music noted for creating the all-partition array. One part of the problem in generating an all-partition array requires finding a covering of a pitch-class matrix by a collection of sets, each forming a region containing 12 distinct elements and corresponding to a distinct integer partition of 12. Constraint programming (CP) is a t...

A Mal’tsev operation is a ternary operation φ that satisfies the identities φ(x, y, y) = φ(y, y, x) = x. Constraint satisfaction problems involving constraints invariant under a Mal’tsev operation constitute an important class of constraint satisfaction problems, which includes the affine satisfiability problem, subgroup and near subgroup constraints, and many others. It is also known that any ...