The scaffolding metaphor was originally developed to describe the support given by a more expert individual in a one-on-one interaction. Since then, the notion of scaffolding has been applied more broadly, and it has been transformed and generalized. Most recently, it has been used by researchers in the learning sciences to describe features and functions of technological artifacts, especially ...

Streamline-like, free-form features that “flow” on a base shape are often utilized in the design of products ranging from automobiles to everyday consumer products. Providing computational support for the design of such features is challenging, because of the open-endedness of the design explorations involved, and the necessity to rapidly and precisely capture the design intents expressed in ve...

This article discusses the change in the notion of scaffolding from a description of the interactions between a tutor and a student to the design of tools to support student learning in project-based and design-based classrooms. The notion of scaffolding is now increasingly being used to describe various forms of support provided by software tools, curricula, and other resources designed to hel...

Children with language impairment (LI) show an overall immaturity in grammatical structure. This includes difficulties with basic sentence constituents, pronouns, verb form elaboration, negative and interrogative sentences, noun phrase elaboration, and complex sentences. This article describes explicit instruction and scaffolding strategies, based on a review of current research, that can be us...

Alexander P. McCauley,1 M. T. Homer Reid,1,2 Matthias Krüger,1 and Steven G. Johnson3 1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA 2Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA 3Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, U...

An antidote for reproductive learning is to engage learners in active manipulative), constructive, intentional, complex, authentic, cooperative (collaborative and conversational), and reflective learning activities. Those characteristics are the goal of constructivist learning environments (CLEs). This paper presents a model for designing CLEs, which surround a problem/project/issue/question (i...

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) can provide learners with more authentic communicative activities, particularly in foreign language context, where learners may experience few such opportunities. From the perspective of sociocultural theory (SCT), scaffolding is a process of supportive interaction that occurs when learners are communicating with each other. There are situations in which the ...

This study studied the types of peer scaffolding presented in scientific experimental activities. The included 14 university students. For activity ‘determining temperature changes using meridian altitude sun,' information regarding behaviors, thinking aloud, discourse, and retrospective interview data were collected analyzed. A model was derived utilized for activities to analyze scaffolding, ...

The output of a genome assembler generally comprises a collection of contiguous DNA sequences (contigs) whose relative placement along the genome is not defined. A procedure called scaffolding is commonly used to order and orient these contigs using paired read information. This ordering of contigs is an essential step when finishing and analyzing the data from a whole-genome shotgun project. M...