Many viruses encode scaffolding and coat proteins that co-assemble to form procapsids, which are transient precursor structures leading to progeny virions. In bacteriophage P22, the association of scaffolding and coat proteins is mediated mainly by ionic interactions. The coat protein-binding domain of scaffolding protein is a helix turn helix structure near the C terminus with a high number of...

The bacteriophage P22 late operon contains 2 genes whose products are required for cell lysis and 13 genes whose products are involved in the morphogenesis of the phage particle. This operon is under the positive control of the phage gene 23 product and is thought to have a single promoter. The expression of one of these late genes, the scaffolding protein gene, is autogenously modulated indepe...

This study explores how web-based scaffolding tools provide instructional support while implementing a socio-scientific inquiry (SSI) unit in a science classroom. This case study focused on how students used web-based scaffolding tools during SSI activities, and how students perceived the SSI unit and the scaffolding tools embedded in the SSI activities. A web-based SSI unit was developed and u...

Asynchronous online discussions (AODs) are often used to promote critical thinking in online courses; however, recent research suggests that levels of critical thinking in discussions remain low. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus in the literature about the definition of critical thinking and many of the existing studies focus on one specific cognitive construct. Therefore, it is unknow...

This paper examines mastery motivation in infants from birth to 3 years of age and outlines critical areas for parent and teacher involvement in the development of motivation, including recommended activities at each level. It asserts that from birth, children have an innate desire to learn about their world, quickly learning that they can control various elements within the environment and str...

A standing question in the field of Intelligent Tutoring Systems and User Modeling in general is what is the appropriate level of model granularity (how many skills to model) and how is that granularity derived? In this paper we will explore varying levels of skill generality within 8 grade mathematics using models containing 1, 5, 39 and 106 skills. We will measure the accuracy of these models...

Learner modeling, a challenging and complex endeavor, is an important and oft-studied research theme in computer-supported education. From this perspective, Educational Data Mining (EDM) research has focused on modeling and comprehending various dimensions of learning in computer based learning environments (CBLE). Researchers and designers are actively attempting to improve learning systems by...

In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on genre-based approaches to writing instruction. However, scant attention has been paid to the use of genre-based scaffolding in the realm of academic writing. Hence, in an attempt to tackle the problems prevalent in academic writing, this study set out to investigate the effect of genre-based scaffolding through sentence start...

t v a a m u e t he concept behind mentoring has existed since as early as ancient Greece, when Odysseus placed is friend Mentor in charge of his son elemachus while he went off to fight n the Trojan War in the late 12th entury BC. Obviously, we’ve come a ong way since the days of Homer’s Odssey, but only recently have technologcal advances allowed for changes in he way mentoring is conducted, r...