Darwin provided us with a powerful theoretical framework to explain the evolution of living systems. Natural selection alone, however, has sometimes been seen as insufficient emergence new levels selection. The problem is one “circularity” for evolutionary explanations: how origins Darwinian properties without already invoking their presence at level they emerge. That is, does by natural commen...

The concept of scaffolding is generally invoked to refer to the ways in which a more expert individual assists a child by performing a part a task or by otherwise directing or supporting a child’s task-related actions. A coactive systems model of development provides a framework for examining other ways in which person-environment relations may scaffold development. From a coactive systems view...

introduction: as the ability to repair cartilage tissue in body is limited, finding a suitable method for cartilage regeneration has gained the attention of many scholars. for this purpose, scaffold structure and morphology, along with cell culture on it, can be a novel method to treat cartilage injuries, osteoarthritis. methods: in this study, polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) is selected as the scaff...

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) engineering education is facing a decreasing interest by students. To deal with this issue, a need for shifting from traditional learning approaches to constructivist methods has been identified. Several pedagogical methodologies based on social and constructivist theories are being applied to engage students in ICT education. This paper presents a...

Microviruses (canonical members are bacteriophages phiX174, G4, and alpha3) are T=1 icosahedral virions with an assembly pathway mediated by two scaffolding proteins. The external scaffolding protein D plays a major role during morphogenesis, particularly in icosahedral shell formation. The results of previous studies, conducted with a cloned chimeric external scaffolding gene, suggest that the...

Computer-based scaffolding provides temporary support that enables students to participate in and become more proficient at complex skills like problem solving, argumentation, and evaluation. While meta-analyses have addressed between-subject differences on cognitive outcomes resulting from scaffolding, none has addressed within-subject gains. This leaves much quantitative scaffolding literatur...

Systems are an important part in today’s science education. Computer simulations have many advantages in teaching science systems. Our research goal is to test whether a hierarchical instructional scaffolding framework embedded in simulation-based learning environments and retrospective mental modeling task could facilitate mental model construction in learning science systems. This pilot study...