The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expresse...

Abstract – In online multimedia systems resources (e.g. network capacity) are to be evenly distributed among clients. These clients, however, usually have different QoS needs, and thus their actual capacity demands may vary considerably. In such context even distribution is not possible, but fair distribution, based on subjective client satisfaction must be achived instead. In this paper a new ...

1. Abstract The next generation wireless networks are envisioned to deal with the expected thousandfold increase in total mobile broadband data and the hundred-fold increase in connected devices. In order to provide higher data rates, improved endto-end performance, low latency, and low energy consumption at low cost per transmission, the fifth generation (5G) systems are required to overcome v...

Assuming the abc-conjecture we show that there are only nitely many powerful binomial coeecients ? n k with 3 k n=2; in fact, that if q 2 divides ? n k that q n 2 ? n k o(1). Unconditionally we show that there are N 1=2+o(1) powerful binomial coeecients in the top N rows of Pascal's Triangle.

This paper studies whether labor scarcity encourages technological advances, i.e., technology adoption or innovation, for example, as claimed by Habakkuk in the context of 19th-century United States. I de…ne technology as strongly labor saving if technological advances reduce the marginal product of labor and as strongly labor complementary if they increase it. I show that labor scarcity encour...

Abstract The global climate changes and their influence on agriculture in Uzbekistan were analyzed, including problems of irrigation water shortage irrigated lands the lower reaches Amu Darya with greatest due to repeated dry years. Additionally, recommendations for effective use resources conditions meadow alluvial soils salinization shallow salinized groundwater proposed subirrigation drip ir...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the factors potentially associated with the decision of admission to the intensive care unit in Brazil. METHODS An electronic survey of Brazilian physicians working in intensive care units. Fourteen variables that were potentially associated with the decision of admission to the intensive care unit were rated as important (from 1 to 5) by the respondents and were later g...

According to “Hotelling rule” price of an “exhaustible resource” exceeds its marginal cost of production in perfect competition equilibrium by amount equal to the opportunity cost of depleting the resource now rather than next periods. This cost is called “scarcity rent”. Oil price exceeds its marginal extraction costs significantly. This can be attributed two different sources: effect of scarc...

There are warning signs for impending scarcity of certain technology metals that play a critical role in high-tech products. The scarce elements are indispensable for the design of modern technologies with superior performance. Material scarcity can restrain future innovations and presents therefore a serious risk that must be counteracted. However, the risk is often underrated in the pursuit o...