Schemata have played important roles in logic since Aristotle’s Prior Analytics. The syllogistic figures and moods can be taken to be argument schemata as can the rules of the Stoic propositional logic. Sentence schemata have been used in axiomatizations of logic only since the landmark 1927 von Neumann paper [31]. Modern philosophers know the role of schemata in explications of the semantic co...

The integration of schemata is a very essential but also a very complex task in a federated database environment. Especially the integration of diierent inheritance hierarchies into one hierarchy is not satisfactorily solved up to now. We show, why some existing approaches fail and propose a new algorithm, which further meets the demand for complete, correct and minimal integrated schemata. Fur...

The transformation of existing local databases to meet diverse application needs at the global level is performed through a four-layered procedure that stresses total schema integration and virtual integration of local databases. The proposed methodology covers both schema integration and database integration, and uses a four-layered schema architecture (local schemata, local object schemata, g...

Practical experience shows that the design of very large database schemata causes severe problems, and no systematic support is provided. In this paper we address this problem. We define an Entity-Relationship schema algebra, which permits the representation of very large database schemata by algebraic expressions involving smaller schemata. Similar to abstraction mechanisms found in semantic d...

This paper presents an approach to learning programming by novice programmers through a web-based adaptive educational system called ALEA (Adaptive LEArning). ALEA supports learning programming by generating sequences of program examples that serve as exercises for a learner. The sequence is adapted to the needs of individual learners. At present, ALEA contains more than a hundred Lisp and Prol...

The integration of schemata is a very essential but also a very complex task in a federated database environment. Especially the integration of diierent inheritance hierarchies into one hierarchy is not satisfactorily solved up to now. We show, why some existing approaches fail and propose a new algorithm, which further meets the demand for complete, correct and minimal integrated schemata. Fur...

This study attempts to explore the effects of formal schemata or rhetorical patterns on reading comprehension through detailed analysis of a case study of 45 non-English majors from X University. The subjects were selected from three classes of comparable English level and were divided into three groups. Each group was asked to recall the text and finish a cloze test after reading one of three ...

Although personality traits are commonly assumed to be represented in memory as schemata, little research has addressed whether such schemata can be learned from observation. Subjects in three studies classified 60 person instances into group members and nonmembers as denned by the instances' match to a complex personality prototype. To simulate learning of fuzzy categories, each person instanc...

We show how the formalization and application of schemata for program development can be reduced to the formalization and application of derived rules of inference. We formalize and derive schemata as rules in theories that axiomatize program data and programs themselves. We reduce schema-based program development to ordinary theorem proving, where higher-order uniication is used to apply rules...