We previously reported that Fructus mume (F. mume) extract shows protective effects on memory impairments and anti-inflammatory effects induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neurodegeneration of basal cholinergic neurons is also observed in the brain with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine whether F. mume extracts enhance cognitive functio...

Cholinergic brain activity plays a significant role in memory. Scopolamine a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist is known to induce impairment in Morris water maze performance, the task which is mainly dependent on the hippocampus. It is suggested that hippocampal ERK and Akt activation play roles in synaptic plasticity and some types of learning and memory. Agmatine, a polyamine derived from l-a...

There is a growing body of evidence pointing to the pivotal role of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAchR) dysfunction in cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or schizophrenia. This study was undertaken to establish and characterize an in vivo model for cognitive disorder secondary to the blockade of α7 nAChR by its specific antagonist, methyllycaconitine (MLA). The resu...

The purpose of this study was to determine the atropine and scopolamine content in different parts of Datura plant, (Datura metel L.), growing wild in Syria. These alkaloids were separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode-array detector (DAD), and fluorescence detector (FLD), using a reversed phase Eclipse C18 column and employing a mixture of w...

Monkeys trained in either one-trial recognition at 8- to 10-min delays or multi-trial discrimination habits with 24-h intertrial intervals received systemic cholinergic and dopaminergic antagonists, scopolamine and haloperidol, respectively, in separate sessions. Recognition memory was impaired markedly by scopolamine but not at all by haloperidol, whereas habit formation was impaired markedly ...

Galanin coexists with ACh in the basal forebrain and medial septal region. The present study investigated the interactions of the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine and the neuropeptide galanin on an operant spatial delayed nonmatching to sample task (DNMTS) in rats. Scopolamine administered both intraperitoneally and microinjected into the medial septum impaired performance on DNMTS. G...

the purpose of the present study was to determine the tropane alkaloid content of four hyoscyamus species from iran, i.e. h. pusillus l., h. niger l., h. reticulatus l. and h. kurdicus bornm. determination of alkaloids was performed by the hplc method. samples were extracted with chloroform-methanol-25% ammonium hydroxide 15:5:1 (v/v/v). hplc separation was performed on eurospher c18 reversed p...

In this paper, a rapid and efficient method for the preparation of scopolamine hydrobromide with high purity was established, named as magnetic field-induced crystallization. Based on difference in solubility between hydrobromide, salifying crystallization selected then treated synergistic effect field to achieve goal purifying scopolamine. The influence solvents intensity process well impact c...

Purpose: This study aimed to research the effects of N-butyl-1H]-benzimidazole-2-amine (M084) on cognitive functions in an experimental Alzheimer-like dementia model. Materials and Methods: In our study, male rats were divided into five groups (n:8). The control (C) had 1 ml 0.9% saline solution administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days. Scopolamine (S) was with first 7 days, followed b...

Background: Artemisia persica is used as an antiseptic, carminative, appetizer, antiparasitic, and antipyretic agent as well as to relieve fascial pains, and in the past, was used to relieve neuropathic pain and facilitate uterine contractions during childbirth. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant potential and effects of A. persica on scopolamine-induced cogniti...