Learners rarely know how to construct knowledge together in argumentation. This experimental study analyzes two computer-supported collaboration scripts, which should facilitate processes and outcomes of argumentative knowledge construction. One script aims to support the construction of single arguments and the other script aims to support the construction of argumentation sequences. Both scri...

CGI scripts enable dynamic generation of HTML pages. This paper describes how to write CGI scripts using Tcl. Many people use Tcl for this purpose already but in an ad hoc way and without realizing many of the more non-obvious benefits. T h i s paper reviews these benefits and provides a framework and examples. Canonical solutions to HTh4L quoting problems are presented. T h i s paper also disc...

"Of what a strange nature is knowledge! It clings to the mind, when it has once seized on it, like a lichen on the rock," Abstract We describe a theoretical system intended to facilitate the use of knowledge In an understand­ ing system. The notion of script is introduced to account for knowledge about mundane situations. A program, SAM, is capable of using scripts to under­ stand. The notion o...

This paper presents a computational approach to the generation of cognitive scripts employed in freeform activities such as pretend play. Pretend play activities involve a high degree of improvisational narrative construction using cognitive scripts acquired from everyday experience, cultural experiences, and previous play experiences. Our computational model of cognitive script generation, bas...

In Africa there are a number of languages. Some of these languages have their own indigenous scripts. In this paper we present script analysis for the indigenous scripts of African languages, with particular emphasis to Amharic language. Amharic is the official and working language of Ethiopia, which has its own writing system. This is the first attempt to analyze scripts of African language to...

Since scripts were proposed in the 1970’s as an inferencing mechanism for AI and natural language processing programs, there have been few attempts to build a database of scripts. This paper describes a database and lexicon of scripts that has been added to the ThoughtTreasure commonsense platform. The database provides the following information about scripts: sequence of events, roles, props, ...

12 Abstract Collaboration scripts facilitate social and cognitive processes of collaborative 13 learning by shaping the way learners interact with each other. Computer-supported 14 collaboration scripts generally suffer from the problem of being restrained to a specific 15 learning platform. A standardization of collaboration scripts first requires a specification of 16 collaboration scripts th...

We use the script concept to describe knowledge structures that help individuals understand and act in specific contexts as well as scaffolds structuring collaborative learning. External scripts can be presented in different ways, e.g. as written text. For internal scripts, it is not clear whether they have identical effects on collaborative argumentation processes in oral vs. written discussio...

differs, and to apply those techniques for Chinese It is very important to perform a full-text retrieval search of document information accumulated in the past. Although the retrieval technologies for ascii teM documents have been established, the highly precise character retrieval from the image based documents such as a bitmap image is not easy. In this paper, a word retrieval technique for a...