a two-dimensional two-phase numerical model is developed to predict transport and fate of oil slicks which resulted the concentration distribution of oil on the water surface. two dimensional governing equation of fluid flow which consists mass and momentum conservation was solved using the finite difference method on the structured staggered grid system. the resulted algebric equations were so...

We explore the role of sea ice freshwater and salt fluxes in modulating 21 century surface warming in the Southern Ocean via analysis of sensitivity experiments in the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). In particular, we investigate whether a change in these fluxes can cause surface cooling in the Southern Ocean, expand sea ice, and increase deep oceanic storage of heat. Our resu...

In this paper we elaborate on the usage of multi-agent-based simulation (MABS) for quantitative impact assessment of transport policy and infrastructure measures. We provide a general discussion on how to use MABS for freight transport analysis, focusing on issues related to input data management, validation and verification, calibration, output data analysis, and generalization of results. The...

The interaction of hydrodynamics and biology is a highly suitable subject for coupled biophysical modelling of particle transport. This has been worked on by coupling hydrodynamic models with biological particle models of sea lice dispersal in the Loch Torridon system, a small fjord in northwest Scotland. This system has been the subject of studies of larval sea lice distribution dating back to...

The sea urchin has long been used as an invertebrate model organism in developmental biology, membrane transport and sperm oocyte interactions, and for the assessment of marine pollution. This review explores the effects of cryopreservation and biobanking in the biology and development of sea urchins, all the way from germaplasm through to juveniles. This review will provide an integral view of...

In muscle cells, the excitation-contraction cycle is triggered by an increase in the concentration of free cytoplasmic Ca(2+). The Ca(2+)-ATPase present in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) pumps Ca(2+) from the cytosol into this intracellular compartment, thus promoting muscle relaxation. The microsomal fraction derived from the longitudinal smooth muscle of the body wall from th...