Cross-shore sediment transport is one of the effective factors in erosion and sedimentation, and affects dynamics of the beach profile in coastal areas. Furthermore, sandbar migration due to cross-shore sediment transport mostly effects beach nourishment, displacement of pollutions trapped in sediments, and organism and plants’ lives.  In this manuscript, sandbar migration due to cro...

An analytic continuation method for obtaining rigorous bounds on the effective complex permittivity ε * of polycrystalline composite materials is developed. It is assumed that the composite consists of many identical anisotropic crystals, each with a unique orientation. The key step in obtaining the bounds involves deriving an integral representation for ε *, which separates parameter informati...

The Red Sea outflow exhibits strong seasonal variability in outflow transport due to effects of monsoon winds and seasonal fluctuations in buoyancy forcing. As it descends the continental slope in the western Gulf of Aden, it entrains significantly less-dense near-surface water, which itself varies on seasonal time scales. High-resolution hydrographic and direct velocity data collected during t...

Cattle and sheep are exported from Australia by sea and form a significant market for Australian animals. For instance, in both 2006 and 2007 over half a million cattle were exported by sea from Australia, with the majority travelling the short journey to Indonesia. Other destinations included other Asian countries and the Middle East; about one tenth of the cattle travelled the “long haul” voy...

A recent proposal to store anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the deep ocean is assessed here with regard to the impacts on deep-living fauna. The stability of the deep-sea has allowed the evolution of species ill-equipped to withstand rapid environmental changes. Low metabolic rates of most deep-sea species are correlated with low capacities for pH buffering and low concentrations of ion-transpor...

• Outline the effects of increasingly higher altitudes on (1) partial pressure of oxygen in ambient air, (2) oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in pulmonary capillaries, and (3) V O2max • Describe and quantify the oxygen transport cascade at sea level and at 4300 m • Discuss immediate and longer-term physiologic adjustments to altitude exposure • Give symptoms, possible causes, and treatment for a...

Historically, hull fouling associated with slow-moving, wooden-hulled vessels has been recognized as the primary transport mechanism responsible for the dispersal of non-indigenous marine species (NIMS) around the world and the fouling of hulls may have contributed significantly to the current patterns of bi-ogeographic distributions of many marine organisms (e.g., Carlton and Hodder, 1995). Ov...

Today, there is widespread consensus about the notable, yet simultaneously growing, negative environmental impacts generated by the transportation sector. Experts working in a number of different fields consider the current situation to be unsustainable and possible measures to reduce emissions and foster sustainability are being encouraged. The European Commission has highlighted the need to s...

Bone morphogen proteins (BMPs) are distributed along a dorsal-ventral (DV) gradient in many developing embryos. The spatial distribution of this signaling ligand is critical for correct DV axis specification. In various species, BMP expression is spatially localized, and BMP gradient formation relies on BMP transport, which in turn requires interactions with the extracellular proteins Short gas...

Observations of stratification and currents between June 2007 and March 2009 reveal a strong overflow between 400and 570-m depth from the Panay Strait into the Sulu Sea. The overflow water is derived from approximately 400 m deep in the South China Sea. Temporal mean velocity is greater than 0.75 m s at 50 m above the 570-m Panay Sill. Empirical orthogonal function analysis of a mooring time se...