Structural concrete exposed to marine environment deserves special attention as the diffused sea salts chemically react with harden cement matrix and forms various expansive/leachable compounds leading to loss of material, strength, cracking, spalling etc. This study cover the effect of sea water on the specimens cast from two grades of concrete exposed to simulated marine environment over a ye...

The presence of melt ponds on the surface of Arctic sea ice significantly reduces its albedo, inducing a positive feedback leading to sea ice thinning. While the role of melt ponds in enhancing the summer melt of sea ice is well known, their impact on suppressing winter freezing of sea ice has, hitherto, received less attention. Melt ponds freeze by forming an ice lid at the upper surface, whic...

ion Taxes Subsidies for Pollution Control Tradable Discharge Permits Effluent Charges Surface Water / Sea Ground Water Municipal Use Public Water

Tropospheric ozone depletion events (ODEs) at high latitudes were discovered 20 years ago and are attributed to bromine explosions. However, an unresolved issue is the explanation of how the acid-catalyzed reaction cycle is triggered in atmospheric particles derived from alkaline sea water. By simulating the chemistry occuring in polar regions over recently formed sea ice, we can model successf...

The net transport through the Seto Inland Sea, associated with the inflow of the Kuroshio Current from the Pacific Ocean, is the focus of this study. Direct measurement of the net transport was successfully accomplished during February–November 2012 using reciprocal sound transmissions in the Akinada Sea, the western part of the inland sea, while accurate transport was estimated only from mid-A...

To examine the functional differentiation of chloride cells in the yolk-sac membrane of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) embryos, we developed a 'yolk-ball' incubation system in which the yolk sac was separated from the embryonic body and subjected to incubation in vitro. The yolk-ball preparation consists of the yolk and the covering yolk-sac membrane, which contains a rich population of chlo...

It was pointed out by us (Chowhan, 1941) that epileptic attacks and mental disturbances in man may be due to imbalance of mineral constituents of blood leading to disturbances in the water balance of the body. The knowledge that the mineral contents of sea water are more or less similar to that of body juices lead to the consideration that injections of sea water would be beneficial in the trea...

The Marmara Sea is situated between the world’s largest permanently anoxic basin, the Black Sea, and an enclosed marginal sea, the Aegean Sea, which experienced quasi-periodic sapropel deposition since Miocene time. It is connected to the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea through the Straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles, respectively. Sapropel M1, which contains from 1 to 2% total organic carbon, wa...

As highly mobile marine predators, many pinniped species routinely encounter a wide range of water temperatures during foraging and in association with seasonal, geographical and climatic changes. To determine how such variation in environmental temperature may impact energetic costs in otariids, we determined the thermal neutral zone of adult and juvenile California sea lions (Zalophus califor...

Organotin compounds (butyl-, phenyl-, octyl- and tributylmonomethyltin) and inorganic tin were quantified in sea-water and sediments from two harbours and several locations on the southeast coast of India using highly sensitive and selective gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICP-MS), adopting new extraction and analytical techniques with extremely low detection...